Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications 

Below are legal definitions and examples of Subversive Organizations and Publications along with some historical background.

DOES “YES” ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS?

“For the guidance of the American people in detecting Communist-front organizations, we present the following criteria:

“1. Does the organization have Communist Party—members or those trusted by the Communist Party, In its posts of real power on its executive board, as secretary, organizer, educational director, editor, office staff?
“2. Are meetings of the organization addressed by Communists or their trusted agents? Does its publication include articles by such persons?
“3. Does the organization follow the Communist Party line?
“4. Does the organization cooperate with campaigns, activities, publications, of the Communist Party or other front organizations?
“5. Is the address of the organization in the same building with other front organizations or within the cooperating vicinity?
“6. Does the organization cooperate with Communist-controlled unions?
“7. Does the organization’s official publication reflect the line of the Communist Party, publish articles by pro-Communists, advertise Communist activities, or those of other front organizations or of Communist vacation resorts?
“8. Are questions injected into meetings or in official publications, which have more to do with the current policy of the Communist Party, than with the pro- fessed purposes of the organization?
“9. Are funds kicked back directly or indirectly to the Communist Party or to other front organizations?
“10. I sprinting do neat a Communist printing house?
“11. Does the organization use entertainers associated with pro-Communist organizations or entertainments?
“12. Does the organization receive favorable publicity in the Communist press?
“13. Is the organization uniformly loyal to the Soviet Union?

CHANGES IN PARTY LINE
The line of the Communist Party on foreign policy is cited herewith. Its advocacy by an individual or organization, throughout all its variations, is a sound test of the loyalty and subservience of such an individual or organization to the Communist Party:

Communist cooperation is offered to socialists and capitalists, with a special pitch to the non-Communist governments and peoples of economically underdeveloped nations ; substituted for Hitler as the “main enemy” of the united front, however, are the “monopoly capitalists” allegedly ruling the United States and pursuing bellicose and imperialistic policies. The Communist “peace” propaganda slogan, “outlaw nuclear weapons,” is expanded to “total disarmament,” while the Soviet Union in practice steadfastly resists implementation of the slogans by rejecting all free-nation proposals for an effective system of armament inspection and control.

There has never been a change in one basic Communist purpose from 1918 to the present date, however—the eventual elimination of non-Communist governments and the establishment of world hegemony for the Soviet Union.

The first requisite for front organizations is an idealistic sounding title. Hundreds of such organizations have come into being and have gone out of existence when their true purposes have become known or exposed while others with high-sounding names are continually springing up.

*******
There are easy tests to establish the real character of such organizations :
1. Does the group espouse the cause of Americanism or the cause of Soviet Russia?
2. Does the organization feature as speakers at its meetings known Communists, sympathizers, or fellow travelers ?
3. Does the organization shift when the party line shifts?
4. Does the organization sponsor causes, campaigns, literature, petitions, or other activities sponsored by the party or other front organizations?
5. Is the organization used as a sounding board by or is it endorsed by Com- munist-controlled labor unions?
6. Does Its literature follow the Communist line or is it printed by the Com- munist press?
7. Does the organization receive consistent favorable mention in Communist publications?
8. Doestheorganizationpresentitselftobenonpartisanyetengageinpolitical activities and consistently advocate causes favored by the Communists?
9. Does the organization denounce American and British foreign policy while always lauding Soviet policy?
10. Does the organization utilize Communist “double talk” by referring to Soviet-dominated countries as democracies, complaining that the United States is imperialistic and constantly denouncing monopoly-capital?
11. Have outstanding leaders in public life openly renounced affiliation with the organization?
12. Does the organization, if espousing liberal progressive causes, attract well- known honest patriotic liberals or does it denounce well-known liberals?
13. Does the organization have a consistent record of supporting the American viewpoint over the years?
14. Does the organization consider matters not directly related to its avowed purposes and objectives?

The value to the Communist Party of the front organization and a front’s operating techniques are described by Mr. Hoover as follows in his book, Masters of Deceit:
Fronts probably represent the Party’s most successful tactic in capturing non- communist support. Like mass agitation and Infiltration, fronts espouse the deceptive Party line (hence the term “front”) while actually advancing the real Party line. In this way the Party is able to influence thousands of noncommunists, collect large sums of money, and reach the minds, pens, and tongues of many high-ranking and distinguished individuals. Moreover, fronts are excellent fields for Party recruitment.

What are Fronts and Transmission Belts

A front is an organization which the communists openly or secretly control. The communists realize that they are not welcome in American society. Party influence, therefore, is transmitted, time after time, by a belt of concealed members, sympathizers, and dupes. Fronts become transmission belts between the Party,and the non-communist world. Earl Browder, when head of the Party, gave this definition : “Transmission belts mean having Communists work among the masses in the various organizations.”

The danger of a Party front rests not on its physical appearance or size but on its ability to deceive.

As a result of evidence adduced before various committees of the Senate and House of Representatives, the Congress finds that

(4) The direction and control of the world Communist movement is vested In and exercised by the Communist dictatorship of a foreign country.

(5) The Communist dictatorship of such foreign country, in exercising such direction and control and in furthering the purposes of the world Communist movement, establishes or causes the establishment of, and utilizes, in various countries, action organizations which are not free and independent organisations, but are sections of a world-wide Communist organization and are controlled, directed, and subject to the discipline of the Communist dictatorship of such foreign country.

(6) The Communist action organizations so established and utilized in various countries, acting under such control, direction, and discipline, endeavor to carry out the objectives of the world Communist movement by bringing about the overthrow of existing governments by any available means, including force if necessary, and setting up Communist totalitarian dictatorships which will be subservient to the most powerful existing Communist totalitarian dictatorship.

(7) In carrying on the activities referred to in paragraph (6) of this section such Communist organizations in various countries are organized on a secret, conspiratorial basis and operate to a substantial extent through organizations, commonly known as “Communist fronts”, which in most instances are created and maintained, or used, in such manner as to conceal the facts as to their true character and purposes and their membership. One result of this method of operation is that such affiliated organizations are able to obtain financial and other support from persons who would not extend such support if they knew the true purposes of, and the actual nature of the control and influence exerted upon, such “Communist fronts”.

The Internal Security Act created the Subversive Activities Control Board, a quasi-judicial agency empowered upon petition from the United States Attorney General to hold public hearings and subpoena witnesses and documentary material for the purpose of determining whether an organization is a Communist-action or Communist-front organization. Judicial safeguards such as the right to present oral and documentary evidence and cross-examination are afforded the organization subject to such proceedings before the SACB. Once an organization has been found by the SACB to fall within either the Communist-action or Communist-front category, the organization is required to register as such with the Attorney General and submit annual reports with such information as its name and address, its officers, an accounting of all monies received and disbursed together with the sources of the funds and the purposes of expenditures.

(f) Determination of Communist-front organization; matters considered.

In determining whether any organization is a “Communist-front organization”, the Board shall take into consideration—
(1) the extent to which persons who are active in its management, direction, or supervision, whether or not holding office therein, are active in the management, direction, or supervision of, or as representatives of, any Communist-action organization, Communist foreign government, or the world Communist movement referred to in section 7S1 of this title; and
(2) the extent to which its support, financial or otherwise, is derived from any Communist-action organization. Communist foreign government, or the world communist movement referred to in section 781 of this title ; and
(3) the extent to which its funds, resources, or personnel are used to further or promote the objectives of any Communist-action organization, Communist foreign government, or the world Communist movement referred to in section 781 of this title; and
(4) the extent to which the positions taken or advanced by it from time to time on matters of policy do not deviate from those of any Communist- action organization. Communist foreign government, or the world Communist movement referred to in section 781 of this title.

On June 5, 1961, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the basic registration and disclosure provisions of the Internal Security Act, and sustained the SACB order requiring the Communist Party to register as a Communist-action organization.

An amendment to the Internal Security Act in 1954 added a third category of organizations covered by the Act, namely Communist- infiltrated organizations. Such an organization is defined as being “substantially directed, dominated, or controlled by an individual or individuals who are, or who within three years have been actively engaged in, giving aid or support to a Communist-action organization, a Communist foreign government or the world Communist movement”, and “is serving, or within three years has served, as a means
for (i) the giving of aid or support to any such organization, government, or movement, or (ii) the impairment of the military strength of the United States or its industrial capacity to furnish logistical or other material support required by its Armed Forces.”

Communist-infiltrated organizations are not required to “register” under the Act, but they are required to label their publications and mail in interstate or foreign commerce and to identify themselves in radio or television broadcasts sponsored by them; they are also deprived of certain tax exemption benefits and benefits under the National Labor Relations Act.

The Guide lists a total of 663 organizations or projects and 122 publications cited as Communist or Communist front by Federal Agencies; and 155 organizations and 25 publications cited as Communist or Communist front by State or Territorial investigating committees.

This edition of the Guide contains the names of 200 organizations and projects and 44 publications which have been characterized as Communist or Communist front by Federal authorities, but which have not appeared in previous editions of the Guide.

The committee has ascertained that a Communist front is an organization or publication created or captured by the Communists to do the party’s work in areas where an openly Communist project would be unwelcome. Because subterfuge often makes it difficult to recognize its true nature, the Communist front has become an important weapon of communism in this country. A Communist front, for example, may camouflage its true purposes behind such moral and human appeals as “peace” and “civil rights” while serving the aims of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union.

Similar efforts to create what Communists called a “united front” with non-Communists occurred in the mid-1930’s as a direct result of the Soviet Union’s fear of the rising power of the Fascist dictatorships. A multitude of Communist fronts flourished in the United States in that period because thousands of dupes were lulled by the Communists’ siren song of friendship. Many of the organizations which operated at that time are listed in this compilation.

The current “united front” strategy was decreed by the post-Stalin “collective leadership” of the Soviet Union and continued by Nikita Khrushchev when he inherited Josef Stalin’s mantle as supreme Soviet dictator. The united front was one of a number of new strategies
adopted to meet the exigencies of the post-Stalin Soviet leadership.

In listing Communist and Communist-front organizations and publications, the committee has relied upon the characterization which was made by the Federal or State authority originally making the declaration.

ORGANIZATIONS

Abolish Peonage Committee
Abraham Lincoln Brigade or Battalion. (See international Brigades, Fifteenth.)
Abraham Lincoln School (Chicago)
Academic and Civil Rights Committee
Academic and Civil Rights Council of California
Action Committee To Free Spain Now
Actors’ Laboratory
Actors’ Laboratory Theatre
Adolph Larson-Ruby Hynes Defense Committee
Alabama People’s Educational Association. (See entry under Communist Political Association.)
Albanian-American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Alex Bittelman Defense Committee
A 11- America Anti-Imperialist League
All-California Conference for Defense of Civil Rights and Aid to Labor’s Prisoners
Allied Labor News (Service)
Almanac Singers
Ambijan Committee for Emergency Aid to the Soviet Union American Association for Reconstruction in Yugoslavia, Inc American Branch of the Federation of Greek Maritime Unions.
under Maritime Unions, Federation of Greek.)
American Christian Nationalist Party
American Committee for a Free Indonesia
American Committee for a Free Yugoslavia, The
American Committee for a Korean People’s Party
American Committee for Chinese War Orphans
American Committee for Democracy and Intellectual Freedom
American Committee for European Workers’ Relief (see also Socialist Workers’ Party)
American Committee for Friendship With the Soviet Union American Committee for Indonesian Independence American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
National Conference of Defense Committees, June 1955 (New York)
American Committee for Russian Famine Relief (Los Angeles and San Francisco)
American Committee for Spanish Freedom
American Committee for Struggle Against War (see also World Congress Against War)
Americans of South Slavic Descent
American Committee in Aid of Chinese Industrial Cooperatives
American Committee To Aid Korean Federation of Trade Unions (San Francisco)
American Committee for the Settlement of Jews in Birobidjan, Inc
American Committee for Yugoslav Relief, Inc
American Committee for Yugoslav Relief of the War Relief Fund
American Committee To Aid Soviet Russia
American Committee To Save Refugees
American Committee To Survey Labor Conditions in Europe
American Committee To Survey Trade Union Conditions in Europe
American Continental Congress for Peace (September5-10,1949, Mexico Page City, Mexico)
Committee for United States Participation in the American Continental Congress for Peace
American Council for a Democratic Greece American Council, Institute of Pacific Relations.
Relations.)
American Council on Soviet Relations
American Croatian Congress
American Federation for Political Unity
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
American Federation of Labor Trade Union Committee for Unemployment
Insurance and Relief
American Friends of Spanish Democracy American Friends of the Chinese People
American Friends of the Mexican People American Friends of the Spanish People
American Fund for Public Service (Garland Fund)
American Jewish Labor Council
American Labor Alliance (see also Communist Labor Party of America; Communist Party of America; Communist Party of the United States of America; Communist Political Association; United Communist Party of America; Workers (Communist) Party of America; Workers Party of America)
American Labor Party
American League Against War and Fascism
United States Congress Against War (First Congress of the American League Against War and Fascism, September 30 to October 1, 1933, New York City)
American League for Peace and Democracy (see also China Aid Council, National People’s Committee Against Hearst)
American National Labor Party
American National Socialist League
American National Socialist Party
American Nationalist Party
American Negro Labor Congress
American Patriots
American People’s Congress and Exposition for Peace, June 29-July 1,1951 (Chicago) 27 Colorado Peace Council
Delegates’ National Assembly for Peace, April 1, 1952 (Washington, D.C.)
American Lithuanian Workers Literary Association (also known as Amerikos Lietuviu Darbininku Literaturos Draugija)
American Peace Appeal
American Peace Crusade (organized in 1951)
American Peace Mobilization (see also Washington Peace Mobilization)
American People’s Meeting, April 5-6, 1941 (New York City)
American People’s Congress and Exposition for Peace, June 29-JuIy 1, 1951 (Chicago, 111.). (See entry under American Peace Crusade.)
American People’s Fund
American People’s Meeting. (See entry under American Peace Mobilization.)
American People’s Mobilization
American Poles for Peace
American-Polish Committee for Protection of Foreign Born (see also
Polish- American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born) American Polish Labor Council
American Polish League
American Relief Ship for Spain
American Rescue Ship Mission
American-Rumanian Film Corp
American-Russian Fraternal Society (IWO)
American Russian Institute (for Cultural Relations with the Soviet Union):
American Serbian Committee for Relief of War Orphans in Yugoslavia
American-Russian Trading Corp. (Amtorg)
American Slav Congress
American Society for Cultural Relations with Russia
American Society for Technical Aid to Spanish Democracy
American-Soviet Science Societjes
American Sponsoring Committee for Representation at the Second World
Peace Congress. (See entrv under World Peace Congress, Second, November 13, 1950, Sheffield, England.)
American Student Union
American Students Repudiate Aggression in Korea
American Technical Aid Society
American Unitarian Association
American Veterans for Peace (see also Veterans for Peace)
American Women for Peace
American Workers’ Party (December 1933-December 1934)..
American Writers Congresses. (<See entries under League of American Writers.)
American Youth Congress American Youth for a Free World American Youth for Democracy
American Youth Peace Crusade
American-Yugoslav Committee for Protection of Foreign Born (Pittsburgh, Pa.).
Americans of Croatian Descent, National Council. (See National Council of Americans of Croatian Descent.)
Amerikos Lietuviu Darbininku Lieraturos Draugija. (See American Lithuanian Workers Literary Association.)
Amtorg Trading Corp. (See American-Russian Trading Corp.)
AndrulisDefenseCommittee. (SeeVincentAndrulisDefenseCommittee.)
Angelo Herndon Defense Committee
Armenian Progressive League of America Artists and Writers Guild…
Artists’ Front To Win the War
Artists Union
Arts, Sciences, and Professions Council. (See National Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions, Southern California Chapter.)
Asociacion Nacional Mexicana-Americana. (See National Association of Mexican- Americans.)
Associated Film Audiences

Association of Democratic Journalists. (See International Organization of Journalists.)
Association of German Nationals (Reichsdeutsche Vereinigung) Association of Interns and Medical Students
Association of Lithuanian Workers
Ausland-Organization der NSDAP (overseas branch of Nazi Party)

B

Baltimore County Committee for Peace Baltimore Forum
Baltimore Youth for Peace
Bay Area Committee To Save the Rosenbergs. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Bay Area Rosenberg-Sobell Committee. (See entry under National Rosenberg-Sobell Committee.)
Bay Cities Committee for Protection of Foreign Born Benjamin Davis Freedom Committee
Black Dragon Society
Book Union
Boston Committee To Secure Clemency for the Rosenbergs. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Boston Freedom of the Press Committee. (See entry under National Committee for Freedom of the Press.)
Comittee for Harry Bridges
Citizens’ Victory Committee for Harry Bridges,
Harry Bridges Defense Committee, Harry Bridges Victory Committee.
Briehl’s Farm (near Wallkill, N.Y.)
Bronx Victory Labor Committee
Brooklyn College, Karl Marx Society
Brookwood Labor College (Katonah, N.Y.)
Bulgarian-American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Bulgarian-American People’s League of the United States of America

C

CIO. (See Congress of Industrial Organizations.)
California Committee for Political Unity 209 California Conference for Democratic Action (also known as Conference
for Democratic Action)
California Emergency Defense Committee
[California] Federation for Political Unity
California Joint Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities
California Labor School, Inc
Boston Labor Conference for Peace
Boston School for Marxist Studies (Boston, Mass.)
Boston School of Social Science
Bridges-Robertson-Schmidt Defense Committee
Southern California Labor School, Inc. (Los Angeles Division)
California Legislative Conference
California Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities
California Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities.
[California] State-Wide Civil Rights Conference
[California] State-Wide Legislative Conferences
California Youth Legislature (see also Model Youth Legislature of Northern California)
Cambridge Youth Council
Camp Arcadia
Camp Beacon (New York State)
Camp Kinderland (Hopewell Junction, N.Y.)
Camp Lakeland (Hopewell Junction, N.Y.)
Camp Timberline (Jewett, N.Y.)
Camp Unity (Wingdale, N.Y.)
Camp Woodland (Phoenicia, N.Y.)
Carpatho-Russian Peoples Society (I WO)
Central Council of American Croatian Women (See Central Council of American Women of Croatian Descent.)
Central Council of American Women of Croatian Descent
Central Japanese Association (Beikoku Chuo Nipponjin Kai)
Central Japanese Association of Southern California
Central Organization of the German-American National Alliance
Cervantes Fraternal Society (IWO)
Charles Doyle Defense Committee
Charles Rowoldt Defense Committee
Chelsea Jewish Children’s School (Massachusetts)
Chicago Committee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact.
Chicago Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Chicago Greek Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Chicago Jewish Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Chicago Labor Defense Committee
Chicago Sobell Committee. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice for Morton Sobell in the Rosenberg Case.)
China Aid Council
China Welfare Appeal, Inc.
Chinese Cultural Cabaret
Chinese Democratic Youth Chorus
Chinese Workers Mutual Aid Association
Chopin Cultural Center
Citizens Committee for Better Education
Citizens Committee for Constitutional Liberties (New York City)
Citizens’ Committee for Harry Bridges (see also Bridges- Robertson-Schmidt Defense Committee, Citizens’ Victory Committee for Harry Bridges,
Harrv Bridges Defense Committee, Harry Bridges Victory Committee).
Citizens’ Committee for the Defense of Mexican-American Youth
Citizens’ Committee for the Motion Picture Strikers
Citizens’ Committee for the Recall of Councilman McCianahan (13th Los Angeles District)
Citizens’ Committee of the Upper West Side (New York City)
Citizens’ Committee To Aid Locked-out Hearst Employees (Los Angeles)
Citizens’ Committee To Free Earl Browder
National Free Browder Congress
Citizens Committee To Preserve American Freedoms
Citizens’ Committee To Support Labor’s Rights
Citizens Emergency Defense Conference
Citizens Protective League
Citizens’ Victory Committee for Harry Bridges. (See also Bridges-Robertson-Schmidt Defense Committee, Citizens’ Committee for Harry Bridges, Harry Bridges Defense Committee, Harry Bridges Victory Committee)
City Action Committee Against the High Cost of Living
Civil Rights Congress. (See also Hawaii Civil Liberties Committee)
Veterans Against Discrimination of Civil Rights Congress of New York
Civil Rights Congress Bail Funds. (See entry under Civil Rights Congress)
City College of the City of New York Marxist Study Club
Civil Liberties Sponsoring Committee of Pittsburgh
Civil Rights Council of Northern California. (See entry under National Federation for Constitutional Liberties.)
Civil Rights Division of Mobilization for Democracy
Colorado Committee To Protect Civil Liberties
Colorado Peace Council. (See entry under American Peace Crusade.)
Columbians
Columbus Peace Association
Cominform. (See Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers’ Parties.)
Comintern. (See International)
Comite Coordinador pro Republica Espanola
Comite Pro Derechos Civiles. (See Puerto Rican Comite Pro Libertades Civiles.)
Committee for a Democratic Far Eastern Policy
National Conference on American Policy in China and the Far East
Civil Rights Federation (Michigan)
Clatsop County Committee for Protection of Foreign Born (Oregon) Claudia Jones Defense Committee
Cleveland Committee To Secure Clemency for the Rosenbergs. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg
Case.)
Committee for Citizenship Rights
Committee for Civil Rights for Communists
Committee for Concerted Peace Efforts (see also American League for Peace and Democracy)
Committee for Constitutional and Political Freedom
Committee for Defense of Four of Oregon’s Foreign Born. (See Committee for Protection of Oregon’s Foreign Born.)
Committee for Defense of Greek-Americans
Committee for Defense of Martin Karasek (Bittendorf, Iowa)
Committee for Defense of Morning Freiheit Writers
Committee for Defense of Public Education
Committee for International Student Cooperation (144 Bleecker Street, New York, N.Y.)
Committee for Justice
Committee for May Day. (See United May Day Committee.) Committee for Nationalist Action
Committee for Peace and Brotherhood Festival in Philadelphia Committee for Peace Through World Cooperation
Committee for Peace Week-End
Committee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact (see also Conference for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact; Continuations Committee of the Conference for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact; Northern California Committee for Peaceful Alternatives )
Mid-Century Conference for Peace, May 29-30, 1950 (Chicago)
Committee for Protection of Oregon’s Foreign Born 50, 51
Committee for Repeal of the Walter-McCarran Law and the Defense of
Sam and Fanny Manewitz 51, 55, 147
Committee for the Defense of Eulalia Figueiredo (New Bedford, Mass.)
Committee for the Defense of Henry Podolski. (See Committee in Defense of Henry Podolski.)
Committee for the Defense of Mexican-American Youth. (See Citizens Committee for the Defense of Mexican-American Youth.)
Committee for the Defense of the Pittsburgh Six Committee for the First Amendment
Committee for the Freedom of Martin Young
Committee for the Freedom of Sam Milgrom
Committee for the Negro in the Arts
Committee for the Protection of the Bill of Rights
Committee for United States Participation in the American Continental
Congress for Peace. (See entry under American Continental Congress for Peace.)
Committee for World Youth Friendship and Cultural Exchange
Committee in Defense of Henry Podolski
Committee of One Thousand
Committee of Philadelphia Women for Peace
Committee of Professional Groups for Browder and Ford
Committee on Election Rights
Committee To Abolish Discrimination in Maryland (see also Congress ‘ Against Discrimination
Maryland Congress Against Discrimination, Provisional Committee To Abolish Discrimination in the State of Maryland)
Committee To End Sedition Laws
Committee To Protect Joseph Mankin’s Citizenship
Committee To Repeal the Walter-McCarran Law and Stop Deportation
of Sam and Fanny Manewitz
Committee To Repeal the Walter-McCarran Law and To Protect the Foreign Born
Committee To Aid the Fighting South
Committee To Defend America by Keeping Out of War
Committee To Defend Angelo Herndon
Committee To Defend Chungsoon and Choon Cha Kwak
Committee To Defend Hazel Wolf
Committee To Defend Lincoln Veterans
Committee To Defend Marie Richardson
Committee To Defend Mike Daniels
Committee To Defend Toma Babin
Committee To Defend the Rights and Freedom of Pittsburgh’s Political Prisoners
Committee To Save the Life of John Juhn
Committee To Uphold the Bill of Rights
Commonwealth College (Mena, Ark.)
Communist Information Bureau. (See Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers’ Parties; Cominform.)
Communist International (COMINTERN). (See International III.)
Communist Labor Party of America (September 1919 to May 1920)
(see also:
American Labor Alliance;
Communist Party of America;
Communist Party of the United States of America;
Communist Political Association;
United Communist Party of America
Workers (Communist) Party of America
Workers Party of America) Communist League of America (Opposition)
Communist League of Struggle
Communist Party, U.S.A. (Majority Group)
Communist Party, U.S.A. (Opposition)
Communist Party of America (September 1919 to April 1923)
(see also
American Labor Alliance
Communist Labor Party of America;
Communist Party of the United States of America
Communist Political Association;
United Communist Party of America
Workers (Communist) Party of America;
Workers Party of America)
Communist Party of Panama (See Partido Del Pueblo of Panama.)
Communist Party of the United States of America

Communist Political Association (May 1944 to July 1945) (see also Ameri- can Labor Alliance; Communist Labor Party of America; Communist Party of America; Communist Party of the United States of America; United Communist Party of America; Workers (Communist) Party of
America; Workers Party of America)
Alabama People’s Educational Association
Florida Press and Educational League
Oklahoma League for Political Education
People’s Educational and Press Association of Texas Virginia League for People’s Education
Community Unitarian Fellowship
Conference for Democratic Action. {See California Conference for
Democratic Action.)
Conference for Legislation in the National Interest, April 7, 1956 (New York City)
Conference for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact {see also Com-
mittee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact; Continuations
Committee of the Conference for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic
Pact)
Conference for Progressive Labor Action
Conference for Social Legislation, January 16, 1938, and March 27, 1938
(Boston, Mass.)
Conference on Constitutional Liberties in America. (See entry under
National Federation for Constitutional Liberties.)
Conference on Pan-American Democracy {see also Council for Pan-
American Democracy)
Congress Against Discrimination (see also Committee to Abolish Discrimi-
nation in Maryland)
Congress (First) of the Mexican and Spanish-American Peoples of the
United States
Congress of American Revolutionary Writers. (See League of American Writers, First American Writers Congress.)
Congress of American Soviet Friendship. (See entry under National Council of American-Soviet Friendship.)
Congress of American Women
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) Political Action Committee
Territorial CIO Political Action Committee
Congress of the Unemployed
Connecticut Committee To Aid Victims of the Smith Act Connecticut State Youth Conference
Connecticut Volunteers for Civil Rights
Consumers’ National Federation
Contemporary Theatre (Los Angeles, Calif.)
Continuations Committee of the Conference on Peaceful Alternatives to
the Atlantic Pact (see also Conference for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact; Committee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact; Northern California Committee for Peaceful Alternatives)
Coordinating Committee To Lift the (Spanish) Embargo
Coordination Committee of Jewish Landsmanschaften and Fraternal Organizations. (See United Committee of Jewish Societies and Landsmanschaft Federations.)
Council for Jobs, Relief and Housing
Council for Pan-American Democracy (see also Conference on Pan-American Democracy)
Council of Greek Americans
Council of United States Veterans
Council of Young Southerners
Council on African Affairs
Croatian-American National Council. (See National Council of Americans of Croatian Descent.)
Croatian Benevolent Fraternity (of America) (IWO)
Croatian Educational Club
Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace. (See entry under National Council of the Arts, Sciences and Professions.)
Czechoslovak Committee for Protection of Foreign Born

D

Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (Military Virtue Society of Japan or Military
Art Society of Japan)
Daily Worker Press Club
Daniels Defense Committee (North Carolina)
Dante Alighieri Society
Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR)
Defense Committee for Eugene Dennis. (See (Eugene) Dennis Defense Committee.)
Defense Committee for Gerhardt Eisler. (See (Gerhardt) Eisler Defense Committee.)
Defense Committee for Victims of the Ohio Un-American Activities Commission
Delegates National Assembly for Peace, April 1, 1952 (Washington, D.C.).
(See entry under American Peace Crusade.)
Dennis Defense Committee. (See(Eugene) Dennis Defense Committee.)
Denver Peace Council. (See entry under American Peace Crusade.)
Descendants of the American Revolution
Detroit Bill of Rights Defense Committee
Detroit Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Detroit Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.
(See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Detroit Youth Assembly
Deutsche-AmerikanischeBerufsgemeinschaft. (See German-American Vocational League.)
Dora Coleman Defense Committee
Down River Citizens Committee (Detroit, Mich.)
Downtown Club (Los Angeles)
Downtown Forum

E

East Bay Arts, Sciences, and Professions Council. (See entry under National Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions.)
East Bay Civil Rights Congress
East Bay Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
East Bay Committee To Save the Rosenbergs. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
East Bay Community Forum
East Bay Peace Committee (Oakland, Calif.) East Bay Youth Cultural Center
East Harlem Women for Peace
East Los Angeles Defense Committee
East Meadow and Westbury Rosenberg Committee. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
East Side Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Eisler (Gerhardt) Defense Committee. {See (Gerhardt) Eisler Defense Committee.)
Elizalde Antidiscrimination Committee
Elsinore Progressive League
Emergency Civil Liberties Committee
Emergency Committee of the Arts and Professions To Secure Clemency for the Rosenbergs.
Emergency Conference To Aid the Spanish Republic 70 Emergency Conference To Halt the Blackout of Civil Liberties in California
Emergency Conference To Save Spanish Refugees
Emergency Peace Mobilization
Emergency Trade Union Conference To Aid Spanish Democracy
Emil Rabin Institute. {See Marxist Institute, Oakland, Calif.)
Emory Collier Defense Committee
Estonian Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Estonian Women’s Club (Massachusetts)
Estonian Workers’ Clubs
Ethel Linn Defense Committee for the Repeal of the McCarran-Walter Act
Ethiopian Defense Committee
(Eugene) Dennis Defense Committee
Everybody’s Committee To Outlaw War
Exiled Writers Committee of the League of American Writers

F

Faculty of Social Science
Falange. (»See Spanish Fascist Party.)
Families of the Baltimore Smith Act Victims
Families of the Smith Act Victims
Farm Research
Federated Press
Federation of Greek Maritime Unions.
of Greek, American Branch.)
Federation of Italian War Veterans in the U.S.A., Inc. (Associazione Nazionale Combattenti Italiani, Federazione degli Stati Uniti d’America)
Ferdinand Smith Defense Committee Festus Coleman Committee
Film and Photo League
Film Audiences for Democracy Films for Democracy
Finnish American Freedom Committee Finnish-American Mutual Aid Society (IWO)
Finnish Federation
Finnish Women’s Clubs (of Massachusetts)
Finnish Workers’ Clubs
First Congress of the Mexican and Spanish-American Peoples of the United States. {See Congress (First) of the Mexican and Spanish-American Peoples of the United States.)
First Unitarian Church (San Diego). {See Unitarian Church, First.) First World Congress of the Defenders of Peace. {See World Peace Congress.)
First World Congress of the Partisans of Peace. {See World Peace Congress.)
First World Peace Congress. {See World Peace Congress.)
First World Student Congress. {See World Student Congress.)
Florida Press and Educational League. {See entry under Communist Political Association.)
Francis Vivian Defense Committee
Frank Ibanez Defense Committee
Frank Spector Defense Committee
Frederick Douglass Educational Center (New York City)
Free Italy Society
Freedom From Fear Committee
Freedom of the Press Committee. (See National Committee for Freedom of the Press.)
Freedom of the Press Committee Against Deportation
Freedom Stage, Inc
Friends and Neighbors of David Hyun
Friends of Chinese Democracy
Friends of Diamond Kimm
Friends of Freedom
Friends of Soviet Russia (see also Friends of the Soviet Union)
Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade
Friends of the Campus
Friends of the New Germany (Freunde des Neuen Deutschlands)
Friends of the Soviet Union (see also American Technical Aid Society; and American Committee for Friendship With the Soviet Union)
Frontier Bookstore (Seattle, Wash.)
Frontier Films
Fund for Social Analysis, The
Fur and Leather Workers Union, International

G

German-American Republican League
German-American Vocational League (Deutsche-Amerikanische Berufsgemeinschaft)
Galena Defense Committee (Galena, N.C.)
Garibaldi American Fraternal Society (IWO)
GarlandFund. (See American Fund for Pubic Service.)
Gates Defense Committee. {See Mike Gates Defense Committee.)
George Washington Carver School
Georgia Peace Council. (See entry under American Peace Crusade.)
(Gerhardt) Eisler Defense Committee
German-American Bund (Amerikadeutscher Volksbund)
German-American National Alliance, Central Organization of (Deutsche-
Gosman Fabian Defense Committee
Great Neck Rosenberg Committee. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Greater New York Committee for Employment
Greater New York Emergency Conference on Inalienable Rights (see also New York Conference for Inalienable Rights)
Greek-American Committee for Defense of Peter Harisiades
Greek-American Committee for National Unity
Greek-American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born (Detroit)
Greek-American Council
Greek-American Defense Committee (Detroit, Mich.)
Greek Committee for Defense of Peter Harisiades
Guardian Club.
Gus Polites Defense Committee

H

H.O.G. (Armenian Group)
Harbor Committee for Protection of Foreign Born.
Harlem Trade Union Council
Harlem Youth Congress
Harry Bridges Defense Committee (see also Bridges-Robertson-Schmidt Defense Committee, Citizens’ Committee for Harry Bridges, Citizens’ Victory Committee for Harry Bridges, Harry Bridges Victory Committee)
Harry Bridges Victory Committee (see also Bridges-Robertsonbchmidt
Defense Committee, Citizens’ Committee for Harry Bridges, Citizens Victory for Harry Bridges, Harry Bridges Defense Committee).
Hawaii Civil Liberties Committee
Hawaii Civil Rights Congress. (See entry under Civil Rights Congress.)
Hawaii Commission on Subversive Activities

Hawaii Committee for Smith Act Defendants. 215
Heimuska Kai, also known as Nokubei Heieki Gimusha Kai, Zaibel Nihonjin, Heiyaku Gimusha Kai, and Zaibei Heimusha Kai (Japanese residing in America, Military Conscripts Association)
Hellenic-American Brotherhood (IWO)
Hempstead Rosenberg Committee. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Henry Holt & Co
Henry Steinberg Defense Committee
Herndon Defense Committee. (See Angelo Herndon Defense Committee.)
Hinode Kai (Japanese Imperialist Reservists)
Hinomaru Kai (Rising Sun Flag Society a group of Japanese War Veterans)
Hokubei Zaigo Shoke Dan (North American Reserve Officers Association)
Hold the Price Line Committee
Hollywood Actors’ Laboratory School. (See Actors’ Laboratory Theater)
Hollywood Anti-Nazi League
Hollywood Arts, Sciences and Professions Council. (See National Council of the Arts, Sciences and Professions, Southern California Chapter.)
Hollywood Community Radio Group, Inc
Hollywood Council of the Arts, Sciences and Professions. (See National Council of the Arts, Sciences and Professions, Southern California Chapter)
Hollywood Democratic Committee
Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts and Sciences
Professions. (See entry under Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions.)
Hollywood League Against Naziism. (See Hollywood Anti-Nazi League)
Hollywood League for Democratic Action
Hollywood Mooney Defense Committee
Hollywood Motion Picture Democratic Committee
Hollywood Peace Forum
Hollywood Theater Alliance
Hollywood Writers Mobilization for Defense
Holyoke Book Shop
Honolulu Chapter, Inter-Professional Association
Honolulu Forum
Honolulu Record Publishing Co
Housewives Price Protest Committee. (See Housewives Protest Committee (Pittsburgh, Pa.).)
Housewives Protest Committee (Pittsburgh, Pa.)
Hungarian-American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Hungarian-American Council for Democracy
Hungarian-American Defense Committee
Hungarian Brotherhood (IWO)
Hungarian Defense Committee

I

Ida Gottesman Defense Committee
Idaho Pension Union
Illinois Assembly of the American Peace Crusade. (See American Peace Crusade, Illinois Chapter.)
Illinois Chapter of the American Peace Crusade. (See entry under American Peace Crusade.)
Illinois Council of the American Peace Crusade. (See American Peace – Crusade, Illinois Chapter.)
Illinois People’s Conference for Legislative Action 84 ILWU Book Club (San Francisco and Honolulu). (See entry under
Longshoremen’s Warehousemen’s Union, International.)
Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions
Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions
Independent Communist Labor League of America Independent Labor League of America
Independent Party (Seattle, Wash.) (see also Independent People’s Party)
Independent People’s Party (see also Independent Party)
Independent Progressive Party (California) . (See Progressive Party, California.)
Independent Socialist League (see also Workers Party, 1940-1948)
Independent Voters League (Pittsburgh, Pa.)
INDUSCO, Inc. (See American Committee in Aid of Chinese Industrial Cooperatives.)
Industrial Workers of the World
Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers’ Parties (Communist Information Bureau) (Cominform)
Institute of Marxist Studies (See entry under Jefferson School of Social Science.)
Institute of Pacific Relations
Intercontinent News Service
Inter-Professional Association, Honolulu chapter
International, III (Communist) (also known as Comintern and International Workers’ Association)
Seventh World Congress, July 25 to August 20, 1935 (Moscow)
International Association of Democratic Lawyers
International Book Shop (Boston, Mass.)
International Book Store, Inc. (San Francisco, Calif.)
International Brigades (in the Spanish Civil War) (see also Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade). Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth (also known as Abraham Lincoln Brigade or Battalion, George Washington Battalion, MacKenzie-Papineau Battalion)
International Committee of Intellectuals for Peace. (See International Committee of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace.)
International Committee of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace ‘ (see also World Congress of Intellectuals) International Democratic Women’s Federation. (See Women’s International Democratic Federation.)
International Juridical Association .
International Labor Defense (see also Galena Defense Committee, Trade Union Advisory Committee)
International Liaison Committee of Intellectuals for Peace. (See International Committee of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace.)
International Music Bureau
International Organization of Democratic Journalists.
Organization of Journalists.
International Organization of Journalists
International Publishers Council
International Red Aid (MOPR) (also referred to as Red International of Labor Defense)
International Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations. (See Institute of Pacific Relations.)
International Union of Students (lUS) (see also World Youth Festivals)
International Preparatorv Committee
First World Student Congress, August 1946 (Prague)
Second World Student Congress, August 14-28, 1950 (Prague)

M

M.O.P.R. (See International Red Aid)
Macedonian-American People’s League
Manhattan Citizens Committee
Manhattan Clemency Committee. (See National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case, Manhattan Committee To Serve Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Manhattan Committee To Serve Justice in the Rosenberg Case. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Marie Kratochvil Defense Committee
Marine Workers Industrial Union
Mario Morgantini Circle
Maritime Book Shop (San Francisco)
Maritime Labor Committee To Defend Al Lannon
Maritime Unions, Federation of Greek, American Branch
Marshall Foundation. (See Robert Marshall Foundations)
Martinsville Seven Committee
Marxist Forums (New York).
Marxist Institute. (See Jefferson School of Social Science, Institute of Marxist Studies.)
Marxist Institute (Oakland, Calif.)
Marxist Study Club of the City College of New York. (City College of the City of New York.)
Maryland Committee for Peace
Maryland Congress Against Discrimination {see also Committee to Abolish
Discrimination in Maryland)
Massachusetts Action Committee for Peace
Massachusetts Committee for the Bill of Rights
Massachusetts Committee to Curb Communism
Massachusetts Minute Women for Peace ‘
Massachusetts Peace Council
Massachusetts Special Commission on Communism, Subversive Activities
and Related Matters Within the Commonwealth
Massachusetts Special Commission To Investigate the Activities Within this Commonwealth of Communistic, Fascist, Nazi and Other Subversive Organizations
Massachusetts Youth Council
Maurice Braverman Defense Committee
May Day Committees (See United May Day Committee, United May Day Conference.)
May Day Parade (see also United May Day Committee, United May Day Conference)
Medical Bureau and North American Committee To Aid Spanish Democracy
Michael Salerno Defense Committee
Michigan Civil Rights Federation. (See Civil Rights Federation, Michigan.)
Michigan Committee for Protection of Foreign Born..
Medical Bureau To Aid Spanish Democracy Memorial Day Youth Parade (1938)
Merrick Rosenberg Committee
Methodist Federation for Social Action Metropolitan Music School, Inc
Mexican and Spanish-American Peoples Congress. (See Congress (First) of the Mexican and Spanish-American Peoples of the United States.)
Michigan Committee for Peace
Michigan Council for Peace
Michigan Labor Committee for Peace
Michigan School of Social Science
Mid-Century Conference for Peace. (See entry under Committee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact.)
Midwest Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Mike Gates Defense Committee
Milwaukee Committee in the Rosenberg-Sobell Case. (See entry under National Rosenberg-Sobell Committee.)
Milwaukee Provisional Committee To Commute the Death Sentence of the Rosenbergs. (See National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case, Provisional Committee To Commute the Death Sentence of the Rosenbergs, Milwaukee.)
Mimi Kagan Dance Group
Minneapolis Chapter of the American Peace Crusade. (See American Peace Crusade, Minneapolis Council for Peace.)
Minneapolis Civil Rights Committee
Minneapolis Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Minneapolis Council for Peace. (See entry under American Peace Crusade.)
Minneapolis Joint Committee Against Deportation
Minnesota Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Minute Women for Peace
Mobilization for Democracy
Model Youth Legislature of Northern California (also referred to as Second Annual California Model Legislature) Modern Book Shop (California)
Modern Book Store (Chicago, 111.)
Modesto Defense Committee
Morning Freiheit Association
(Morris) Schappes Defense Committee
Moses Resnikoff Defense Committee
Motion Picture Artists’ Committee
Motion Picture Democratic Committee. (See Hollywood Motion Picture Democratic Committee.)
Murray Defense Committee
Musicians Committee To Secure Clemency for the Rosenbergs. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Musicians Congress Committee
Musicians’ Democratic Committee
Musicians’ Open Forum
Musicians, American Federation of, Local 47

N

Nanka Teikoku Gunyudan (Imperial Military Friends Group or Southern California War Veterans) National Assembly Against UMT
National Assembly for Democratic Rights, September 2 (New York City)
National Association of Mexican-Americans (also known as the Nacional Mexicana-Americana or ANMA)
National Committee To Abolish the Un-American Activities Committee
National Committee To Defeat the Mundt Bill
National Committee To Repeal the McCarran Act
National Blue Star Mothers of America
National Citizens Political Action Committee
National Civil Rights Federation
National Committee for Freedom of the Press Boston Freedom of the Press Committee
National Committee for People’s Rights
National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners
National Committee To Secure Justice for Morton Sobell in the Rosenberg Case
National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case
National Committee To Win Amnesty for Smith Act Victims
National Committee To Win the Peace National Conference of Defense Committees (See entry under American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born.)
National Conference on American Policy in China and the Far East. (See entry under Committee for a Democratic Far Eastern Policy.)
National Congress for Unemployment and Social Insurance, January 5-7, 1935 (Washington, D.C.)
National Council of American-Soviet Friendship (see also American-Soviet Science Society)
Congress of American-Soviet Friendship, Nov. 7-8, 1942 (New York City)
National Council of Americans of Croatian Descent (also known as Croatian American National Council)
National Council of Croatian Women. (See Central Council of American Women of Croatian Descent.)
National Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions

National Delegates Assembly for Peace. (See American Peace Crusade, Delegates’ National Assembly for Peace, April 1, 1952 (Washington,
D.C.) Page
National Emergency Committee To Stop Lynching
National Emergency Conference
National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights
National Federation for Constitutional Liberties
Civil Rights Council of Northern California
Conference on Constitutional Liberties in America, June 7-9, 1940 (Washington, D.C.)
Oklahoma Federation for Constitutional Rights
Washington Committee for Democratic Action (District of Columbia) .
National Free Browder Congress. (See entry under Citizens’ Committee To Free Earl Browder.)
National Labor Committee for Clemency for the Rosenbergs. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
National Labor Conference for Peace
National Lawyers’ Guild
National Negro Congress
National Negro Labor Congress
National Negro Labor Council
National Women’s Appeal for the Rights of Foreign Born Americans
Los Angeles
National People’s Committee Against Hearst National Rosenberg-Sobell Committee
Bay Area Rosenberg-Sobell Committee
Milwaukee Committee in the Rosenberg-Sobell Case Northern California Rosenberg-Sobell Defense Committee Philadelphia Rosenberg-Sobell Committee
Provisional Western Regional Sobell Committee._
San Francisco Rosenberg-Sobell Committee
National Student League
Nationalist Action League
Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico
Nationality Committee of Western Pennsylvania
Nature Friends of America
Needle Trades Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Negro Labor Victory Committee
Negro People’s Committee To Aid Spanish Democracy
Neighbors Committee for Defense of Peter Harisiades and Anna Taffler
Neighbors Committee To Defend Benjamin Saltzman
New Bedford Committee To Fight Unemployment (Massachusetts)
New Bedford Peace Committee
New Bedford Surplus Committee. (See New Bedford Committee To Fight Unemployment.)
New Century Publishers
New Committee for Publications
New England Citizens Concerned for Peace
New England Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
New England Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners
New England Council for Protection of Foreign Born
New England Labor College
New England Labor Research Association
New Film Alliance
New Foundations Forums
New Jersey Committee for Clemency for the Rosenbergs. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
New Theatre Group (Boston)
New Theatre League
New York Committee for Clemency for the Rosenbergs. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg case.)
New York Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
New York Committee for the Southern Newsletter
New York Conference for Inalienable Rights(see also Greater New York Page Emergency Conference on Inalienable Rights)
New York State Conference on Legislation for Democracy, February 14, 1941
New York Conference on Civil Rights (see also Civil Rights Congress, New York)
New York Council of the American Peace Crusade. (See entry under American Peace Crusade.)
New York Joint Legislative Committee To Investigate Procedures and Methods of Allocating State Moneys for Public School Purposes and Subversive Activities, Subcommittee of (Rapp-Coudert Committee)
New York Labor Conference for Peace (see also National Labor Conference for Peace)
New York Peace Institute
New York Polish Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
New York State Conference on Legislation for Democracy. (See entry under New York Conference for Inalienable Rights.)
New York State Conference on National Unity
New York Tom Mooney Committee
New York Trade Union Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
New York Trade Union Committee To Free Earl Browder
New York Workers School. (See Workers School, New York.)
Newark Peace Action Committee
Nichibei Kogyo Kaisha (the Great Fujii Theater)
Nichibei Minshu Kyokai, Waipahu Chapter (Japanese American Association for Democracy (JAAD))
Non-Partisan Committee for Clemency for the Rosenbergs. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Non-Partisan Committee for the Re-Election of Congressman Vito Marcantonio
Non-Sectarian Committee for Political Refugees
Norman Tallentire Defense Committee
North American Committee To Aid Spanish Democracy
North American Spanish Aid Committee
North American Emergency Conference To Save Spanish Refugees
North Philadelphia Forum
North Side Peace Club
North Westchester Rosenberg Committee. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Northern California Civil Rights Council. (See National Federation for Constitutional Liberties, Civil Rights Council of Northern California.)
Northern California Committee for Peaceful Alternatives (see also Committee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact; Conference on Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact; Continuations Committee of the Conference on Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact)
Northern California Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Northern California Peace Crusade. (See entry under American Peace Crusade.)
Northern California Rosenberg-Sobell Committee. (See entry under National Rosenberg-Sobell Committee.)
Northwest Committee for Protection of Foreign Born (also known as Washington (State) Committee for Protection of Foreign Bom) Northwest Japanese Association

O

Oahu Servicemen’s Committee for Speedier Demobilization
Ohio Bill of Rights Conference
Ohio Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Ohio Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case
Ohio Freedom of the Press Association
Ohio Labor Conference for Peace
Ohio Provisional Committee for Protection of Foreign Bora Ohio School of Social Sciences
Ohio Un-American Activities Commission
Oklahoma Committee To Defend PoHtieal Prisoners
Oklahoma Federation for Constitutional Rights. (See entry under National Federation for Constitutional Liberties.)
Oklahoma League for Political Education.
Open Letter for Closer Cooperation With the Soviet Union
Open Letter in Defense of Harry Bridges
Open Letter to American Liberals
Orange County Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Ormsby Village for Youth Foundation (Topanga Canyon, Calif.)
Otto Skog Defense Committee

P

POC. (See Provisional Organizing Committee for a Marxist-Leninist Communist Party.)
Pacific Northwest Labor School, Seattle, Wash, (also known as Seattle
Labor School)
Pacific Pubhshing Foundation, Inc
Palo Alto Peace Club
Partido del Pueblo of Panama (operating in the Canal Zone) (Communist Peace Committee of Alameda and Contra Costa Counties (California)
Paul Yuditch Defense Committee
Pax Productions
Peace Conference of the Asian and Pacific Regions (Peping, China, 1952)
Peace Information Center (799 Broadway, New York, N.Y.)
Peace Movement of Ethiopia
Peace Pilgrimage To Washington, D.C., March 15, 1951. (See entry under American Peace Crusade.)
Peggy Wellman Defense Committee
People’s Defense Committee
People’s Drama, Inc
People’s Educational and Press Association of Texas
People’s Educational Association. (See People’s Educational Center.)
People’s Educational Center (Los Angeles)
People’s Institute of Applied Religion
People’s Party (Connecticut). (See Progressive Party, Connecticut.)
People’s Peace
People’s Programs (Seattle, Wash.)
People’s Radio Foundation, Inc
People’s Rights Party
People’s School. (See People’s Educational Center.)
People’s University. (See People’s Educational Center.)
Permanent Committee of the World Peace Congress. (World Peace Congress.)
Pete Nelson Defense Committee
Peter Warhol Defense Committee
Petros Lezos Defense Committee
Philadelphia Committee for Defense of the Foreign Born
Philadelphia Committee for Repeal of the Walter-McCarran Act and To Defend Its Victims
Philadelphia Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Philadelphia Labor Committee for Negro Rights
Philadelphia Rosenberg-Sobell Committee. (See entry under National Rosenberg-Sobell Committee.)
Philadelphia School of Social Science and Art
Philadelphia Women for Peace.
Photo League Pittsburgh Arts Club
Polish-American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born (see also American-Polish Committee for Protection of Foreign Born)
Political Prisoners’ Welfare Committee
Polona Society (IWO)
Polska Partja Komunistyzna (foreign language Marxist group)
Prestes Defense Committee
Prisoners’ Relief Committee
Professionals for Clemency (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Profitern. (See Red International of Labor Unions.)
Progressive Bookshop (or Store):
Progressive Citizens of America (California branches)
Progressive Committee To Rebuild American Labor Party
Progressive German-Americans (also known as Progressive German-
Americans of Chicago) Progressive Labor School (Boston)
Progressive Party
California (Independent Progressive Party) Downtown Club
Connecticut (People’s Party)
Massachusetts
Progressive Students of America
Progressive Trade Union School (Worcester, Mass.) Progressive Women’s Council
Proletarian Party of America
Prompt Press, Inc
Protestant War Veterans of the United States, Inc
Provisional Committee for the 69th Anniversary of May Day. (See United May Day Committee.)
Provisional Committee of Citizens for Peace, Southwest Area
Provisional Committee on Latin American Affairs
Provisional Committee to Abolish Discrimination in the State of Maryland (see also Committee to Abolish Discrimination in Maryland)
Provisional International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers
Provisional Organizing Committee for a Marxist-Leninist Party Communist
Provisional Western Regional Sobell Committee. (See entry under National Rosenberg-Sobell Committee.)
Provisional Workers and People’s Committee for May Day. (See United May Day Committee.)
Public Use of Arts Committee.
Puerto Rican Comite Pro Libertades Civiles (CLC) (also known as Comite Pro Derechos Civiles)
Puerto Ricans United (also known as Puertorriquenos Unidos)
Puertorriquenos Unidos. (See Puerto Ricans United)

Q

Quad City Committee for Peace
Queens Rosenberg Committee.
Queensbridge Tenants League

R
Rapp-Coudert Committee. (See New York Joint Legislative Committee “To Investigate Procedures and Methods of Allocating State Moneys for Public School Purposes and Subversive Activities, Subcommittee of.)
Red International of Labor Defense. (See International Red Aid)
Red International of Labor Unions (RILU) (Profitern).
Refugee Scholarship and Peace Campaign
Reichsdeutsche Vereinigung (See Association of German Nationals.)
Reichstag Fire Trial Anniversary Committee
Repertory Playhouse
Revolutionary Workers League
Robert Marshall Foundation
Robotnik Polski (Polish Labor)
Romanian-American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Romanian-American Fraternal Society (IWO)
Rose Chernin Defense Committee
Rose Chernin Emergency Defense Committee
Rose Nelson Defense Committee
Rose Spector Defense Committee
Rosenberg Committee of the Bronx {See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Roslyn Rosenberg Committee. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Runag News Service (Moscow)
Russian-American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Russian-American Industrial Corp
Russian American Society, Inc
Russian Reconstruction Farms, Inc

S

SEATO. (See Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.)
St. Louis Committee To Secure Justice for Morton SobeU. {See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice for Morton Sobe
St. Louis Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. {See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
St. Louis Emergency Defense Committee 147, 199 St. Nicholas Arena (New York City)
Sakura Kai (Patriotic Society, or Cherry Association composed of veterans of Russo-Japanese War)
Sam and Fanny Manewitz Defense Committee (St. Louis, Mo.) (see also Committee for Repeal of the Walter-McCarran Law and the Defense of Sam and Fanny Manewitz (St. Louis, Mo.); and Committee To Repeal the Walter-McCarran Law and Stop Deportation of Sam and—Fanny Manewitz)
Samuel Adams School (for Social Studies) (Boston, Mass.)
San Diego Emergency Defense Committee
San Diego Peace Forum. (See entry under American Peace Crusade.)
San Francisco Labor Conference for Peace (see also National Labor Conference for Peace)
San Francisco Rosenberg-Sobell Committee. (See entry under National Rosenberg-Sobell Committee.)
Santa Barbara Peace Forum
Save Our Sons Committee
Scandinavian-American Defense Committee
Schappes Defense Committee. (See (Morris) Schappes Defense Committee.)
School of Jewish Studies (New York)
Scientific and Cultural Conference for World Peace. (See National Council of the Arts, Sciences and Professions, Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace.)
Scottsboro Defense Committee
Seattle Labor School. (See Pacific Northwest Labor School.)
Second Annual California Model Legislature. (See Model Youth Legislature of Northern California.)
Second World Congress of the Defenders of Peace. (See World Peace Congress.)
Second World Congress of the Partisans for Peace. (See World Peace Congress.)
Second World Peace Congress. (See World Peace Congress.)
Second World Student Congress. (See International Union of Students,
Schneiderman-Darcy Defense Committee School for Democracy (New York City)
School of Jewish Studies (Los Angeles, California)
Second World Student Congress.)
Serbian-American Fraternal Society (IWO)
Serbian Vidovdan Council
Silver Shirt Legion of America
Simon J. Lubin Society
Slavic Council of Los Angeles
Slavic Council of Southern California
Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee
Slim Connelly Defense Committee
Slovak Workers Society (IWO)
Slovenian-American National Council
Socialist Party of the United States, Left Wing Section
Socialist Workers Party (see also American Committee for European Workers’ Relief)
Socialist Youth League (see also Workers Party, 1940-48)
Society for Cultural Relations With Soviet Russia. (See American Society for Cultural Relations With Russia.)
Sokoku Kai (Fatherland Society)
Sons and Daughters of the Foreign Born in the Fight Against Deportations Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Southern California Chapter of the National Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions. (See entry under National Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions.)
Southern California Emergency Committee for Clemency for the Rosenbergs. (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs.)
Southern California Labor School, Inc. (See entry under California Labor School, Inc.)
Southern California Peace Crusade. (See entry under American Peace Crusade.)
Southern Conference for Human Welfare
Southern Negro Youth Congress
Soviet Association of Friendship and Cultural Cooperation with the Countries of Latin America Spanish Refugee Appeal. (See entry under Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee.)
Spanish Refugee Relief Campaign
South Slav Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
South Westchester Rosenberg Committee.
Springfield Citizens’ Protective League
Springfield Committee To Aid Spanish Democracy (Massachusetts)
Stanley Nowak Defense Committee (Detroit)
Spanish Speaking People’s Congress
State-Wide Civil Rights Conference. (See [California] State-Wide Civil Rights Conference.)
State-Wide Legislative Conference. (See [California] State-Wide Legislative Conferences.)
Stella Brown Defense Committee
Stockholm Peace Appeal (or Petition). (See World Peace Appeal.)
Straight Arrow Camp (Golden’s Bridge, N.Y.)
Student Congress Against War
Student Councils for Academic Freedom
Student Rights Association
Students for Wallace
Suiko Sha (Reserve Officers Association, Los Angeles)
Sweethearts of Servicemen
Syracuse Women for Peace

T

Tom Mooney Labor School (San Francisco, Calif.) (see also California Teachers Union, New York)
Teen Art Club
Territorial CIO Political Action Committee of Industrial Organizations, Political Action Committee (See entry under Congress Labor School)
Tom Paine School (Westchester, N.Y.)
Tom Paine School of Social Science (Philadelphia, Pa.)
Toumayian Club (Chelsea, Mass.)
Town Meeting of Youth
Trade Union Advisory Committee
Trade-Union Committee for Free Spain
Trade Union Committee for Peace (also known as Trade Unionists for Peace)
Trade Union Committee for Repeal of the Walter-McCarran Law
Trade Union Committee for the Repeal of the Smith Act
Trade-Union Committee on Industrial Espionage
Trade-Union Committee To Put America Back to Work
Trade-Union Educational League (TUEL)
Trade-Union Unity League (TUUL)
Trade-Union Women’s Committee for Peace
Trade Unionists for Peace. (*See Trade Union Committee for Peace)
Tri-State Negro Trade Union Council
Twentieth Century Book Shop (or Store) :

U

Ukrainian-American Committee for the Defense of Zazuliak and Kushnir..
Ukrainian-American Fraternal Union (IWO)
Ukrainian Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Ukrainian Defense Committee Against Deportation
United Committee of Jewish Societies and Landsmanschaft Federations
(also known as Coordination Committee of Jewish Landsmanschaften
Unemployed Councils (see also Workers Alliance)
Unemployed Workers’ Organization of Hawaii
Union of American Croatians (see also National Council of Americans of
Croatian Descent
Union of Concerted Peace Efforts
Union of New York Veterans
Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America
Union of Progressive Veterans
Unitarian Church, First (San Diego)
United American Artists
United American Spanish Aid Committee
United Committee of Jewish Societies and Landsmanschaft Federations (also known as Coordination Committee of Jewish Landsmanschaften and Fraternal Organizations)
United Committee of South Slavic Americans (New York)
United Communist Party (May 1920 to May 1921) (see also American Labor Alliance; Communist Labor Party of America; Communist Party of America; Communist Party of the United States of America; Communist Political Association; Workers (Communist) Party of America
United May Day Committee (also known as United Labor and People’s Committee for May Day) Workers Party of America
United Cultural Association
United Defense Council of Southern California
United Farmers League
United Harlem Tenants and Consumers Organization
United Labor and People’s Committee for May Day.
United May Day Conference
United Negro and Allied Veterans of America
United States Service & Shipping, Inc
United States Veterans Council. (See Council of United States Veterans.)
United States Youth Sponsoring Committee, World Peace Appeal. entry under World Peace Appeal.)
United Student Peace Committee
United Toilers
United Youth Committee Against Lynching

V

Vacaville Committee for Protection of Foreign Born (California)
Valley Committee for Protection of Foreign Born (California)
Valley Stream Rosenberg Committees (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Vart Galalian Committee
Vassar College (Poughkeepsie, N.Y.)
Veterans Against Discrimination of Civil Rights Congress of New York
Veterans for Peace {see also American Veterans for Peace)
Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade {see also International Brigades)
Victory Book Store (San Diego)
Vincent Andrulis Defense Committee
Virginia League for People’s Education. {See entry under Communist Political Association.)
Voice of Freedom Committee

W

Walt Whitman Book Shop
Walt Whitman School of Social Science (Newark, N.J.)
Washington Bookshop Association. {See Washington Cooperative Bookshop.)
Washington CIO Committee To Reinstate Helen Miller (District of Columbia)
Washington Committee for Aid to China (District of Columbia)
Washington Committee for Democratic Action (District of Columbia). {See entry under National Federation for Constitutional Liberties.)
Washington Committee for Justice in the Rosenberg Case (Washington State). {See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Washington Committee for Protection of Foreign Born. (See Washington State Committee for Protection of Foreign Born)
Washington Committee To Defend the Bill of Rights
Washington Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case (District of Columbia) (See entry under National Committee To Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Washington Commonwealth Federation (Washington State) (see also Washington Pension Union)
Washington Cooperative Bookshop (District of Columbia)
Washington Friends of Spanish Democracy (District of Columbia)
Washington Old Age Pension Union (Washington State)
Washington Peace Mobilization
Washington State Committee for Protection of Foreign Born. (See Northwest Committee for Protection of Foreign Born).
Washington State Joint Legislative Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities
West Side Rosenberg Committee. (See entry under National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.)
Western Council for Progressive Labor in Agriculture
Western Pennsylvania Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
Western Writers’ Congress
William Allan Defense Committee
Workers Library Publishers, Inc
Workers Party (1940-48). (See also Independent Socialist League; Socialist Youth League.) Workers Party of America (December 1921 to August 1925) (see also American Labor Alliance; Communist Labor Party of America; Communist Party of America; Communist Party of the United States of America; Communist Political Association; United Communist Party of America; Workers (Communist) Party of America
Workers Party of the United States (December 1933 to 1944). (See American Wingdale Lodge, Inc. (Wingdale, N.Y.) (see also Camp Unity)
Wisconsin Conference on Social Legislation
Wisconsin Peace Crusade. (See entry under American Peace Crusade.)
Women’s Committee To Free Katherine Hyndman
Women’s International Democratic Federation
Workers Alliance. (See Workers AUiance of America.)
Workers Alliance of America (see also Unemployed Councils).
Workers Bookshop (New York City)
Workers (Communist) Party of America (August 1925 to March 1929) (see Workers Party.)
Workers Schools
Workmen’s Educational Association
World Congress Against War (August 27-29, 1932, Amsterdam) (see also American Committee for Struggle Against War) 19, 156, 176 World Congress for Peace. (See World Peace Congress.)
World Congress of Defenders of Peace. (See World Peace Congress.)
World Congress of Intellectuals, August 25-28, 1948, (Wroclaw, Poland) (see also International Committee of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace)
World Congress of Partisans of Peace. (See World Peace Congress.)
World Council of Peace. (See World Peace Council.)
World Federation of Democratic Women. (See Women’s International Democratic Federation.)
World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY)
World Federation of Scientific Workers
World Federation of Trade Unions ( WFTU)
World Peace Appeal (also known as Stockholm Peace Appeal or Petition)
United States Youth Sponsoring Committee
World Peace Circle of Hollywood, Calif
World Peace Congress (also known as the World Congress of Partisans of Page Peace and the World Congress of Defenders of Peace)
First Congress, April 20-24, 1949 (Paris, France)
Second Congress, November 13, 1950, Sheffield, England; November 16-22 (Warsaw, Poland)
American Sponsoring Committee for Representation at the Second World Peace Congress Permanent Committee
World Tourists, Inc
World Youth Congress, Second Congress, August 15-24, 1938, Vassar College
World Peace Council (also known as World Council of Peace)
World Student Congress, First and Second. (See entries under International Union of Students.)
World Youth Festivals:
Second Youth Festival, August 14-28, 1949 (Budapest)
Seventh Youth Festival, July 26-August 4, 1959 (Vienna, Austria)

Y

Yanks Are Not Coming Movement
Yiddisher Kultur Farband
Young Communist International
Young Communist League, USA
Young People’s General Assembly for Peace
Young Progressives of America:
Young Workers League of America
Youth Against the House Un-American Activities Committee
Youth To Abolish the House Un-American Activities Committee.
Youth Against the House Un-American Activities Committee.)
Youth To Abolish Un-American Committees. (See Youth Against the House Un-American Activities Committee.)
Yugoslav-American Cooperative Home, Inc
Yugoslav Seamen’s Club, Inc