English Translation of Jesus Santrich’s Poems Youth & Youth II

Original Book of Spanish Guerrilla Poetry

Youth

Juvenal is a poem
which is written with battles; with utopia syntax made of verb
it has the soul;
It declairs in the trench with rifle hares
and with shrapnel voices; it is a combat metaphor: prose and verse that shoot with infinite gunpowder
of history in the word.

Youth II

Because it is of insurgent essences revives incessantly
in the heat of utopia;
reborn with his verses,
with his wise prosas reborn …, gestated dreamer,
born
by the daring light
of conscience;
from the guts of reason is warned, from the pregnancy of sensitivity
that love for the people shapes;
is done to the fight
redeeming
without ties in the soul,
with blood in action
and in patience:
with the triple commoner audacity
make everything happy
and from every thing explodes
like aurora light
that in the darkness
Declare your presence.

 

JUVENAL

(Spanish Original)

Juvenal es un poema
que se escribe con batallas; con sintaxis de utopías hecha de verbo
tiene el alma;
se declama en la trinchera con arengas de fusiles
y con voces de metralla; es metáfora en combate: prosa y verso que disparan con la pólvora infinita
de la historia en la palabra.

JUVENAL II

Porque es de esencias insurgentes revive incesante
al calor de la utopía;
renace con sus versos,
con sus sabias prosas renace…, gestado soñador,
parido
por la osada luz
de la conciencia;
desde las tripas de la razón se advierte, desde la preñez de la sensibilidad
que el amor al pueblo configura;
se hace a la lucha
redivivo
sin amarras en el alma,
con sangre de arrojo en la acción
y en la paciencia:
con la triple audacia comunera
vuelve feliz a cada cosa
y de cada cosa estalla
como luz de aurora
que en las tinieblas
declama su presencia.

 

One of many articles on TeleSUR promoting freedom for Jesus Santrich – a member of the leadership of the designated terrorist organization (DTO) the FARC-EP.

English Translation of Jesus Santrich’s Poem Third Confession

Original Book of Spanish Guerrilla Poetry

Third Confession

I confess
in the name of everyday life
of the sun and the stones
which is more constant and everyday
that the moonlight of the brief flower
and of the butterflies …;
I confess in the name
of this great littleness
of the universe…,
and in the very name of infinity
of the eternally existing
in formal multiplicity
and continental
of the changing matter
moving…

In the name of all this
I insist on confessing that I believe
in the path
that is poured into the field
in front of these eyes of mine
of those flowing looks
that sometimes fly with the birds
or wiggle
with the dim dances
of green trees
and grasslands;
looks that usually too
stand on the cliffs
or let them bathe,
sometimes,
river glass
or clear lagoon
even in the middle of the shadows.

I confess my creed on the roads;
in their escaped breaks
between the corners
of pieces of ferns,
stubble
and dressed greenery
of animal spikes silences
through the drowsiness dozens;
I confess my creed
on the roads…,
in his deep accomplices silences
sometimes their secrets murmur
with the voice of the wind …
And I persist in saying
I believe in his erased footprints
by the tracks,
and in the current footprints
and in the rush
and in the tired tracks
and in the faint footprints …,
and I confess my creed
on material paths
and on the ideal paths;
on the long roads,
on the short roads …
in the slow ways I believe;
I believe in earthly roads,
but I also respect those who believe
on the heavenly roads …

And I believe in the trails
with beginnings and endings,
and on the fast roads
and in the ephemeral
eventual roads …;
and … I confess …
I know they exist
the ways of evil,
the paths of good,
the paths of regret …
and also the sacrificed paths
of historical struggles,
and the tattooed roads
on the skin of the earth
in which they deposit
the weary footsteps of the one who flees,
the stealthy traces of the one who advances
or the makeshift path
which is recreated walking
without any awareness
of what’s going on

I also confess that I want too
Some paths especially:
the path of sincere delivery
to austere life
and to the righteous fight,
and the simple way,
the particular way of the muleteer,
the same as the secret path
of the guerrilla:
slow road on the heavy slope …
road leading to the hidden refuge
of hope in justice
that rises in secret
in the mountain sine;
friend road, dirt road,
muddy way mate …,
where I rested my resonates
and my losses …;
clandestine roads
of militia gait
where the ads go
that shorten the route
towards the conquest
of the most fruitful dreams
of the rebellious parturients
of human need …

I would say of my ways …
that are not desolate roads
but the beloved ways
what do they do on the march
mold of the new future
without exploited,
because they are not just roads
of trampled land
but also paths of consciousness through which he travels
the insurgent congregation
of the humble
with his rebel fists raised, advancing unbeatable,
(rebels!
Against the evil of the oligarchs, looking for the best tomorrow
for the subjugated.

 

CONFESIÓN TERCERA

(Spanish Original)

Yo me confieso
en el nombre de la cotidianidad
del sol y de las piedras
que es más constante y cotidiana
que la luz lunar de la breve flor
y de las mariposas…;
me confieso en el nombre
de esta grandiosa pequeñez
del Universo…,
y en el nombre mismo de la infinitud
de lo eternamente existente
en la multiplicidad formal
y continental
de la cambiante materia
en movimiento…

En nombre de todo esto
insisto en confesar que creo
en el camino
que se vierte en el campo
frente a estos ojos míos
de los que fluyen miradas
que a ratos vuelan con los pájaros
o se menean
con las danzas tenues
de los árboles verdes
y los pastizales;
miradas que suelen también
reposar sobre las riscos
o se dejan bañar,
a veces,
de cristal de río
o de laguna clara
aún en medio de las sombras.

Confieso mi credo en los caminos;
en sus reposos fugados
por entre los recodos
de pedazos de helechales,
de rastrojos
y de verdores vestidos
de silencios espigados de animales
por el crepúsculo dormitados;
confieso mi credo
en los caminos…,
en sus profundos silencios cómplices
que a veces nos murmuran sus secretos
con la voz del viento…
Y persisto en decir
que creo en sus huellas borradas
por las huellas,
y en las huellas vigentes
y en las presurosas
y en las cansadas huellas
y en las huellas tenues…,
y confieso mi credo
en los caminos materiales
y en los caminos ideales;
en los prolongados caminos,
en los breves caminos…,
en los lentos caminos creo;
creo en los caminos terrenales,
pero respeto también a los que creen
en los caminos celestiales…

Y creo en los senderos
con comienzos y con finales,
y en los rápidos caminos
y en los efímeros
caminos eventuales…;
y …, confieso…
que se que existen
los caminos del mal,
los caminos del bien,
los caminos de pesar…,
y también los sacrificados caminos
de las luchas historiales,
y los caminos tatuados
sobre la piel de la tierra
en los que se depositan
las pisadas fatigadas del que huye,
las sigilosas huellas del que avanza
o el improvisado sendero
del que se recrea caminando
sin percatación alguna
de lo que va pasando.

Confieso además que quiero también
algunos caminos en especial:
el camino de la entrega sincera
a la vida austera
y a la lucha justiciera,
y el camino sencillo,
el particular camino del arriero,
lo mismo que el secreto camino
del guerrillero:
camino lento en la pesada cuesta…,
camino que conduce al oculto refugio
de la esperanza en la justicia
que se levanta en secreto
en el seno montañero;
camino amigo, camino de tierra,
enlodado camino compañero…,
donde he reposado mis resuellos
y mis quebrantos…;
clandestinos caminos
de andares milicianos
en los que marchan los anuncios
que abrevian la ruta
hacia la conquista
de los más fecundos sueños
de las parturientas rebeldías
de la necesidad humana…

Diría de mis caminos…,
que no son caminos desolados
sino los amados caminos
que hacen de la marcha
molde del futuro nuevo
sin explotados,
porque no son sólo caminos
de tierra yerta pisoteada
sino caminos también de la conciencia por los que transita
la congregación insurrecta
de los humildes
con sus puños rebeldes levantados, avanzando imbatibles,
(sublevados!,
contra la maldad de los oligarcas, buscando el mejor mañana
para los sojuzgados.

One of many articles on TeleSUR promoting freedom for Jesus Santrich – a member of the leadership of the designated terrorist organization (DTO) the FARC-EP.

English Translation of Jesus Santrich’s poem Second Confession

Original Book of Spanish Guerrilla Poetry

Second Confession

I confess
in the name of things,
of the strange things of things,
of the enormous things of things, of the known things
of things …
In the name
of its extension and depth
what is concrete reflection
of the complexity of the universe;
that is to say,
in the name
of the appreciated, of the hated, of the ephemeral
and of the eternal things
of things …

In the name
of those apparent simplicity
in which it entertains
each segment
of the restless attention of life,
snatching spaces and moments
that become knowledge
of each story
of the root causes,
efficient and sufficient …
of the facts present,
past,
true and transcendent
that have found
residence in reality

I also confess
in the name of the causal reasons and their consequences.
And in the name
of the driving act of imprudent or relevant coincidences;
and finally …
I repeat it:
I confess in the name
of the simple
and of the complex things
of things …;
and especially
above all things
of things …
I confess in the name
of the deepest
and pure feelings
of love to the people
that my mind does not house
as thought first
different thing
to the indispensable struggle
for the emancipation of the oppressed.

CONFESIÓN SEGUNDA

(Spanish original)

Me confieso
en el nombre de las cosas,
de las extrañas cosas de las cosas,
de las enormes cosas de las cosas,
de las conocidas cosas
de las cosas…
En el nombre
de su extensión y profundidad
que es reflejo concreto
de la complejidad del universo;
es decir,
en el nombre
de las apreciadas, de las odiadas, de las efímeras
y de las eternas cosas
de las cosas…

En el nombre
de esas simplezas aparentes
en las que se entretiene
cada segmento
de la atención inquieta de la vida, arrebatándoles espacios y momentos que se tornan en conocimiento
de cada historia
de las causas profundas,
eficientes y suficientes…,
de los hechos presentes,
pasados,
ciertos y trascendentes
que han encontrado
residencia en la realidad

También me confieso
en el nombre de las razones causales y sus consecuencias.
Y en el nombre
del acto motriz de las casualidades imprudentes o pertinentes;
y, en fin…,
lo repito:
me confieso en el nombre
de las sencillas
y de las complejas cosas
de las cosas…;
y en especial,
por sobre todas las cosas
de las cosas…,
yo confieso en el nombre
de los más profundos
y puros sentimientos
de amor al pueblo
que mi mente no alberga
como pensamiento primero
cosa diferente
a la irrenunciable lucha
por la emancipación de los oprimidos.

One of many articles on TeleSUR promoting freedom for Jesus Santrich – a member of the leadership of the designated terrorist organization (DTO) the FARC-EP.

English Translation of Jesus Santrich’s poem Painter of Illusions 

Original Book of Spanish Guerrilla Poetry

Painter of Illusions

I will brush my brushes
of blessed guerrilla dreams to paint the universe with love:
I will dye it to the wind,
and clear freedom
the vast corners of the heavens; I’m going to ink brotherhood
every point of the earth,
and to the giant sea
of righteous hopes.
And so,
with the pristine spectrum
of the human union without selfishness, I will imagine the colorful party
of communism

Pintor De Ilusiones

(Spanish Original)

Untaré mis pinceles
de benditos sueños guerrilleros para pintar de amor el universo:
al viento lo teñiré de paz,
y de límpida libertad
los rincones extensos de los cielos; voy a entintar de hermandad
cada punto de la tierra,
y a la mar gigante
de esperanzas justicieras.
Y así,
con el prístino espectro
de la humana unión sin egoísmo, imaginaré la colorida fiesta
del comunismo.

One of many articles on TeleSUR promoting freedom for Jesus Santrich – a member of the leadership of the designated terrorist organization (DTO) the FARC-EP.

English Translation of Jesus Santrich’s poem Friend, Comrade, Companion

Original Book of Spanish Guerrilla Poetry

FRIEND, CAMARADA, COMPANION
To Julián Conrado, singer of the insurrection

I got the idea
to tell you something …
because you are my friend, my comrade,
my partner…;
the idea assaulted me
to express briefly loqueentiyoveo
and I only knew how to tell you
guerrilla,
that…,
together the verses,
join the notes,
you raise your song
intuiting justice …
tearing him out of life
notions of new homeland;
weapons in songs
love messages
imagining the fire
manager of the new man …,
immense wave of the commoner example. I only knew to tell you
I hear in your word omens of freedom
that defeat fears
against every macula of evil
that intends to destroy
to the fisherman of our dreams …

I only knew to tell you,
I’ve seen you approaching
your old boots
to undertake the routes
of the figth
piggybacking
your mountaineering team
sewn with the same hands that mark the note and hold the rifle
and they speak to the people
while you feel the inspiration
that achieves the complementation between combat and certain love.

I only knew to tell you,
I’ve seen you express yourself pure without rancor,
even if it’s your turn to pose hard … and I’ve imagined you a builder
of the same assault of the heavens, proclaiming
the unplayable ad
of the terrifying peace without hunger as a dream first.
And I have known you,
anyway,
reflected in the mirror of our brief history, as a Caribbean prophet
that rises with splendor
the fire of steel,
with the same passion
How do you learn the seagull’s lament song
That rocks in the wind.

I only knew to tell you,
without pretty words,
but as a sincere message, I feel you my friend,
my comrade …
my partner.

One of many articles on TeleSUR promoting freedom for Jesus Santrich – a member of the leadership of the designated terrorist organization (DTO) the FARC-EP.

English Translation of Jesus Santrich’s poem Bolivarian Fire

Original Book of Spanish Guerrilla Poetry

BOLIVARIAN FIRE

To comrade President Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías, tireless soldier of the Bolivarian cause.

Like huge thunder that shakes tyrants
lightning in the plain and in the mountains
wake up all the peoples of the whole america
Giving the longed for time at dawn
with a new sun that shines for the poor; and
It’s soul of arcabuces that homeland shoot
extending friendly hands that protect us
with its mighty fire of amerindian sap
firm and sound revolutionary audacity
everlasting light of the future that is prepared.

With full love for humanity and justice
the ideal of Gran Colombia is proclaimed
as a clean fountain that freedom spills
and growing unity without greed stains;
It is the genius of Bolivar who sponsors everything
to see our America Our confederated
and be born from the universe, so, as a sword
that breaks the chains and yokes of opprobrium
and the stressed ways that express overwhelm
until you hear his best tune of glory

Impossible to forget the sublime purpose
the church of dignity that said it all
that with swift blood of heroes found his way
reminding us that you don’t exempt yourself from battle
who thinks of the fight as the weapon that redeems.
No one doubts that the day follows the night
nor that national daughters of their rebellion
with their sparks of throw they will light the meadow
fanning the flame of his warrior people
and the sacred fire against tyranny.

FUEGO BOLIVARIANO

Al compañero Presidente Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías, incansable soldado de la causa bolivariana.

Como enorme trueno que a tiranos estremece
un relámpago en el llano y en la cordillera
despierta a todos los pueblos de América entera
dando la anhelada hora en que ya amanece
con un nuevo sol que para los pobres resplandece; y
es alma de arcabuces que patria disparan
extendiendo manos amigas que nos amparan
con su fuego caudaloso de amerindia savia
firme y atinada audacia revolucionaria
sempiterna luz del futuro que se prepara.

Con pleno amor a la humanidad y a la justicia
el ideal de la Gran Colombia se proclama
como limpio fontanal que libertad derrama
y crecientes de unidad sin manchas de avaricia;
es el genio de Bolívar quien todo lo auspicia
para ver laAmérica Nuestra confederada
y nacer del universo, entonces, como espada
que rompa las cadenas y yugos del oprobio
y las hincadas maneras que expresan agobio
hasta escuchar de la gloria su mejor tonada

Imposible olvidar el propósito sublime
la cátedra de dignidad que lo dijo todo
que con rauda sangre de héroes encontró su modo
recordándonos que de batallar no se exime
quien piensa en la lucha como el arma que redime.
Nadie duda que a la noche le sigue el día
ni que naciones hijas de su rebeldía
con sus chispas de arrojo encenderán la pradera
avivando la llama de su gente guerrera
y el sagrado fuego contra la tiranía.

One of many articles on TeleSUR promoting freedom for Jesus Santrich – a member of the leadership of the designated terrorist organization (DTO) the FARC-EP.

English Translation of Jesus Santrich’s poem Marquetalia

Original Book of Spanish Guerrilla Poetry

Versos Insurgentes is a book of poetry published by the FARC-EP.

Below is a translation of one of the poems by Jesus Santrich.

Marquetalia

(English Translation)

The heroes of Marquetalia and those who, following his example, have defeated the colonialist perversity of the “Patriot” Plan

Between gunpowder and the green of life;
cataclysm that turns into hope
by nourishing the future with the fallen …;
the deep roots of consciousness
paying with the blood of brave people
between cities and insurgent mountains
who speak with the voice of Jacobo Arenas
to say homeland from their insides.

Marquetalia is Marulanda in conscience
the announcement of the liberated homeland
Marquetalia is in the town in resistance
is Bolivar who returns with his sword

The resistance is the sowing in the darkness
of the seeds of fire of Alborada
where Jacobo Prías ingenia verses
with words of guerrilla ambushes:
Marquetalia is the poem of the dawn
that unleashes its socialist desires,
the sacred tricolor of the flag
in the before, now and tomorrow.

Marquetalia is Marulanda in conscience
the announcement of the homeland released
Marquetalia is in the town in resistance
is Bolivar who returns with his sword

Marquetalia are the grooves that frolic
with the certainty of the bread for the hungry;
Marquetalia is the wheat field and the cornfield
the news of the emancipated land;
Marquetalia is the crucible of hope
Isaías Pardo raiding the skies;
Marquetalia is a communal epic
of which the New Colombia dreams and fights

Marquetalia is Marulanda in conscience
the announcement of the liberated homeland
Marquetalia is in the town in resistance
is Bolivar who returns with his sword

The utopia of Hernando Gonzales fulge
and the victory of the people is revealed:
Marquetalia is Marulanda in resistance
Marulanda is poor raised;
Marquetalia and Marulanda are plots:
freedom and dignity are the harvest;
against the Yankee who murders and sacks us
Marquetalia is of the poor the trench.

Marquetalia

(original Spanish)

A los héroes de Marquetalia y a quienes siguiendo su ejemplo han derrotado la perversidad colonialista del Plan «Patriota»

Entre la pólvora y el verde la vida;
cataclismo que se torna en esperanza
al nutrirse el porvenir con los caídos…;
las profundas raíces de la conciencia
abonándose con sangre de valientes
entre urbes y montañas insurgentes
que hablan con la voz de Jacobo Arenas
para decir patria desde sus entrañas.

Marquetalia es Marulanda en la conciencia
el anuncio de la patria liberada
Marquetalia está en el pueblo en resistencia
es Bolívar que regresa con su espada

La resistencia es la siembra en las tinieblas
de las semillas de fuego de alborada
donde Jacobo Prías ingenia versos
con vocablos de emboscadas guerrilleras:
Marquetalia es el poema de la aurora
que desboca sus anhelos socialistas,
el sagrado tricolor de la bandera
en el antes, el ahora y el mañana.

Marquetalia es Marulanda en la conciencia
el anuncio de la patria liberada
Marquetalia está en el pueblo en resistencia
es Bolívar que regresa con su espada

Marquetalia son los surcos que retoñan
con la certeza del pan para el hambriento;
Marquetalia es el trigal y la maicera
la noticia de la tierra emancipada;
Marquetalia es el crisol de la esperanza
Isaías Pardo asaltando los cielos;
Marquetalia es epopeya comunera
del que sueña y lucha la Colombia Nueva

Marquetalia es Marulanda en la conciencia
el anuncio de la patria liberada
Marquetalia está en el pueblo en resistencia
es Bolívar que regresa con su espada

La utopía de Hernando Gonzáles fulge
y la victoria del pueblo se devela:
Marquetalia es Marulanda en resistencia
Marulanda es pobrería levantada;
Marquetalia y Marulanda son parcela:
libertad y dignidad son la cosecha;
contra el yanqui que asesina y nos saquea
Marquetalia es de los pobres la trinchera.

One of many articles on TeleSUR promoting freedom for Jesus Santrich – a member of the leadership of the designated terrorist organization (DTO) the FARC-EP.

English Translation of Jesus Santrich’s poem First Confession

Original Book of Spanish Guerrilla Poetry

FIRST CONFESSION

I confess
in the cozy silence
of the still things
and among the fragrances of pine and tender eucalyptus
between cold hoods
of sad tangles
of frailejóns and ferns.

I confess
with the certainty of the heart
sown with dignity and courage.
I confess with the pregnant soul
for the promising flags of love
that fan the glare
of the rebellious people.

I confess and say,
that inhabit my mind
Indian hands
and black hands,
white hands
and the mestizo hands …;
human cosmic hands
of my thoughts
as muscular links of faith in the purest feeling
of fading soon
of grief

I confess my confident vision
of lying defeated sorrows,
downcast by pure communion
of the rebel rebels
boldly raised,
determined,
thrown away
against the cruel exploiter
that had them subjugated.

I confess my bliss
of dreaming listening
the chords of good,
the sublime notes and silences
of peace without tears,
in line with the promising idea
of the shared multiplied bread,
of collective wheat bread
with heat of purified people …

I make my sincere narration
of modest devotion
and I confess that my evocation,
It is also,
a provincial song of justice
I wish they didn’t wilt
the first roots of yaravi
and the lumbalú …,
the integral hug of changó
and Pachamama …
that are stoked by the logs
of racial
fire of the universe.

My confession is the invitation
to make the brotherhood march,
the walk of humility,
in pursuit of the truth
and of the common yearning for freedom.
With the fire of steel
pointing against the tyrant,
accept my call, partner;
let’s build the new dawn,
comrade…

My confession is to tell you:
walk brother,
let’s break with the light of optimism,
the storm of pain
of the orphan farmer of the land
glaring shackles
of the accumulated exploitation;
let’s fill abysmal hatreds
that skin the soul …
let’s fill those hatreds with an air of peace
and winged dreams of freedom
that uproot the bitterness
of the false words
and the acrimony of the silences
that keep silent in front of the reproach.

Come, come with haste brother,
with rebel passion, comrade,
with the treasure of pure truth
of the new man in the word.
Come on, let’s redeem
the flowers of love
and don’t defeat us
the false splendor
of mean wealth.
We are going to defeat the grief
with David’s sling
In the battle…,
with the persecution of goodness
in every petal of humanity,
without the banal temptation
of the damn capital
In their consciences.

 

CONFESIÓN PRIMERA

(Spanish original)

Me confieso
en el acogedor silencio
de las cosas quietas
y entre las fragancias del pino y del eucalipto tierno
entre fríos capotes
de enredos tristes
de frailejón y helechos.

Me confieso
con la certeza del corazón
sembrado de dignidad y valentía.
Me confieso con el alma preñada
por las promisorias banderas del amor
que avivan el fulgor
del pueblo sublevado.

Me confieso y digo,
que en mi mente habitan
las manos indias
y las manos negras,
las manos blancas
y las mestizas manos…;
las cósmicas humanas manos
de mis cavilaciones
como eslabones musculados de fe en el más puro presentimiento
del desvanecimiento pronto
del desconsuelo.

Confieso mi visión confiada
de yacentes penas derrotadas,
abatidas por la pura comunión
de los rebeldes sublevados
con audacia levantados,
decididos,
arrojados,
contra el cruel explotador
que los tuvo subyugados.

Confieso mi dicha
de soñarme escuchando
los acordes del bien,
las sublimes notas y silencios
de la paz sin desgarraduras,
al compás de la idea promisoria
del compartido pan multiplicado,
del pan del trigo colectivo
con calor de pueblo purificado…

Hago mi narración sincera
de modesta devoción
y confieso que mi evocación,
es también,
una provinciana cantata justiciera
que quisiera que no marchiten
las raíces primeras del yaraví
y el lumbalú…,
el abrazo integral de changó
y de Pacha Mama…,
que se avivan junto a los leños
del fuego
racial del universo.

Mi confesión es la convidación
a hacer la marcha de la hermandad,
la caminata de la humildad,
en pos de la verdad
y del anhelo común de la libertad.
Con el fuego del acero
que apunta contra el tirano,
acepta mi llamado, compañero;
construyamos la nueva alborada,
camarada…

Mi confesión es decirte:
camina hermano,
quebremos con la luz del optimismo,
la borrasca de dolores
del campesino huérfano de la tierra
fulminando los grilletes
de la explotación acumulada;
colmemos los odios abismales
que deshollejan el alma…,
colmemos esos odios con aire de paz
y alados sueños de libertad
que desarraiguen el amargor
de las palabras falsas
y la acritud de los silencios
que callan frente al oprobio.

Vamos, vamos de prisa hermano,
con pasión rebelde, camarada,
con el tesoro de la pura verdad
del hombre nuevo en la palabra.
Vamos, vamos a redimir
las flores del amor
y que no nos derrote
el falso esplendor
de la riqueza mezquina.
Vamos a derrotar los desconsuelos
con la honda de David
en la batalla…,
con la persignación de la bondad
en cada pétalo de la humanidad,
ya sin la tentación banal
del maldito capital
en las conciencias.

One of many articles on TeleSUR promoting freedom for Jesus Santrich – a member of the leadership of the designated terrorist organization (DTO) the FARC-EP.

English Translation of “Uses and Abuses of Scientometrics”

Uses and abuses of Scientometrics

The production of original research articles, and the number of citations they generate in international indices, have become the ordinary indicators to measure the contribution of each researcher to the scientific work.

Miguel Ángel Pérez Angón Senior Researcher in the Department of Physics at Cinvestav, he was the founding editor of the Atlas of Mexican Science and the Latin American Catalog of Programs and Human Resources in Physics.

1. Scientometrics
In the last five years the Mexican government apparatus has been consistent in applying the maxim that the social contribution of science and technology is not so clear and much less direct. As a result, federal support for scientific activities has declined significantly. Consistent with this attitude, government delicacy to quantify the impact of its science and technology programs is increasingly evident. In this context, most national institutions have consolidated the culture of evaluation and monitoring of research carried out by their groups of researchers. In particular, the production of original research articles, and the number of citations they generate in international indexes, have become the ordinary indicators to measure the contribution of each researcher at the scientific task.

In this state of affairs, we have become accustomed to using two terms almost as synonyms but it is convenient to define more precisely: bibliometry and Scientometrics. Bibliometry is restricted to the study of research products published in scientific literature, mainly articles in journals, and the citations generated in journals included in the Science Citation Index (SCI), the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and the Arts & Humanities Citation Index (AHCI). Instead, Scientometrics aims to cover a much broader field than bibliometry and includes the analysis of other factors that may be determining factors for the development of scientific activity: number of researchers, their geographical or specialty distribution, sources of financing, productivity. and repercussion, etc. It is in this last sense that we will use this term in this article.

2. Uses
The use of Scientometric Indicators is increasingly common in developed countries to define their policies to support scientific and technological activities. For us, the analyzes carried out in countries such as Brazil, Spain, China or India are of greater interest (1). In all these cases, the constant increase in the scientific production of its researchers and the interest in reaching the levels of researchers in developed countries stand out. For example, in the case of Spanish science, they were interested in knowing in which areas and specialties their production and impact indicators are comparable or superior to those of the rest of the countries of the European Union.

In our country, CONACyT has systematically published several indicators on scientific activity in Mexico and in some other countries (2). However, the data published by CONACyT are global and are not broken down by area or specialty and even less by institution. With the idea of covering this deficiency, the Mexican Academy of Sciences created in 2002 the Atlas of Mexican Science (ACM). The goal of this project was to integrate statistical databases on all areas of science that are cultivated in our country and make them accessible to all users of scientific activity. This program only had two years of activity but in that period it was possible to generate ample and detailed statistical information on ten areas of Mexican science: biological, physical, chemical, land sciences, agricultural sciences and biotechnology, medicine and health sciences, mathematics, geosciences, social sciences and humanities (3).

The information generated by the ACM is very complete and reliable thanks to the feedback that was received from the scientific community and from the institutions of higher education and research. In particular, there are data on the academic plant (institutional affiliation, academic seniority, productivity and impact, composition by gender, level of studies, nationality and specialty), and on the degree and postgraduate study programs (enrollment, new entry , egress, terminal efficiency), but in the latter case only for some of the ten areas covered by the ACM.

To give an idea of the possible uses of the indicators generated by the ACM, I will mention some of those obtained in the case of physical sciences – one of the areas best covered by this program. Figure 1 includes the evolution of the scientific production (articles in the international indexes) of the ten areas studied in the period 1980-1999. Among them, the increase in production in physical sciences stands out by a factor of six in this period (from 200 to 1200 articles). This increase corresponds to the constant growth of researchers with a doctorate in this area of knowledge (in 1987 only 337 were registered and by 2003 they were 12363). The data collected by the ACM also suggests a possible explanation of why Mexican physicists became the most productive scientific guild in the country in such a short period: it is the most homogeneous group in academic training (there is a minimum of researchers who have only finished his master’s or bachelor’s degree studies) and that he has been subject to a stimulating process of geographical de-concentration: in 1987, 70% of the PhD researchers were assigned to the institutions located in Mexico City, and by 2003 this number already It had been reduced to 35%. It should be noted that this process occurred within the broad growth of the academic plant at the national level and not due to a simple decrease of researchers in the institutions of the metropolitan area of Mexico City. For example, in 1987, UNAM had 51% of doctoral researchers (169, and at that time all were concentrated in CU), but by 2003 they were only 36.5% (451) and those located in CU corresponded to 27.8% (343). Another factor that stands out from the data generated in the ACM is the level of international collaboration that Mexican physicists have achieved and that has allowed them to achieve levels of visibility in the international environment that only biomedical researchers had achieved before: the number of articles published In the decade of the nineties that have generated more than one hundred citations is greater than those generated at this level by the biomedical community. Many of these articles were produced from international collaborations in the large laboratories of particle accelerators and astronomical observation centers (4). A similar situation occurs in the area of geosciences, where some of the most cited articles were published based on the participation of Mexican scientists in international groups that have explored the Chicxulub crater in Yucatan or have conducted studies through perception techniques remotely operated with terrestrial satellites.

There is another very interesting fact that arises from the data included in Figure 1: from the creation of the National System of Researchers (SNI) in 1984, practically all areas initiate a consolidation process and its annual production of scientific articles It increases steadily. This effect has already been detected in other Scientometric analyzes (5) and is a transparent example of the positive uses of Scientometrics.

3. Abuses
We already mentioned some of the uses and applications of the data generated in Scientometrics, all of them located in the macro sphere of science and technology. Scientometric abuses appear precisely when some macro-type results are applied at the micro level, that is, to the evaluation of researchers individually. There is a large literature on the disadvantages of this procedure (6), I will only mention a few of them below:

• The international productivity or citation averages cover very general areas and in most cases do not correspond to the lines of work of individual researchers. These averages vary over time and this possibility is not contemplated in the institutional regulations used to promote or hire researchers.
• The impact factors determined for the journals included in the international indexes vary year by year, and consequently the list of “the best journals in the specialty” is also variable (7).
• There are good quality journals that are not included in the international indexes, particularly in areas such as mathematics, social sciences and humanities. For this type of magazine there is no information on its impact factors, immediacy indexes, etc.

Perhaps the main abuse of Scientometric Indicators occurs in institutions where they are taken strictly in the promotion and contracting processes. In most high-level institutions, academic evaluations are determined by specialists who know the specific topics of interest of the researchers evaluated (the famous peer evaluation) and the data generated by the scientometric analyzes are considered only as support material in the evaluation process. But due to the intensity and frequency with which the evaluation of academic work is carried out in Mexico, the majority of the opinion committees are not familiar with all the issues addressed by the researchers to be evaluated, and then the scientometric indicators become the norm that all researchers who want to be promoted or hired must meet. This, in turn, has generated new evaluation procedures to analyze the appeals of researchers who disagree with the results of their own evaluation. There is also an aberrant use of bibliometric indicators when they are used for exclusively administrative purposes, but I prefer not to dwell on it.

4. The INEGI of science
Like many other developing countries, Mexico does not have clear policies to encourage the systematic compilation of statistical databases on national science. The case of Mexican science is really pathetic and we can illustrate it with two recently published editorials in international circulation magazines that have referred to the state of science in our country. In the first case, published in the American Scientist (8) magazine, Mexican science is well argued because despite how modest our contribution is to the total number of articles

From research published worldwide, it turns out that among the 348 foreign members of the US National Academy of Sciences, seven are Mexican, a much larger number than researchers from Brazil, China or India. In contrast, in the second case, the editorial published in the journal Nature Medicine of September 5 (9) criticizes the performance of Mexican scientists. According to the editors of this magazine, although support for Mexican science is sufficient for the number of Mexican researchers and according to US standards, per capita production and the impact of Mexican science are much lower than those of American science. However, this editorial or the number of Nature Medicine corresponding to that date does not include data that support such a drastic conclusion. Unfortunately, there is no source of statistical information in our country that could refute the argument published in this magazine.

As I conclude this article, I hope to have presented enough arguments about the need to create, and preserve, the INEGI (National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics) of Mexican science, or some instance that would allow us to have updated statistical data on the state that keeps Mexican science at all times. These data could be used by science administrators to carry out real planning exercises of our scientific activity, by researchers interested in studying the dynamics of our scientific activity, or by the higher education and research institutions themselves to provide feedback on their academic evaluation processes. Simply put, to encourage the correct use of Scientometrics.

[References]

1 I. Castro-Moreira, Science 301, 141 (2003); D.A. King, Nature 430, 311 (2004); M. Sánchez-Ayuso, reporte del CSIC, http://www.csic.es/hispano/preside/preside4/infor4.htm; J. Mervis, J. Kinoshita, Science 270, 1131 (1995).
2 CONACyT, Indicadores de actividades científicas y tecnológicas,
http://www.conacyt.mx/indicadores.htm.
3 Atlas de la Ciencia Mexicana, http://www.amc.unam.mx/atlas.htm.
4 F. Collazo-Reyes, M.E. Luna-Morales, J.M. Russell, Scientometrics 60, 131
(2004).
5 C. González-Brambila, F. Veloso, reporte de la U. Carnegie Mellon
(2005).
6 Véase, por ejemplo, P.O. Seglen, BMJ 314, 497 (1997); J.W. Grossman,
Notices AMS, 52, 35 (2005); A.F.J. Van Raan, Scientiometrics 62, 133 (2005); N.C. Lin, Y. Cheng, L. Lin, Scientiometrics 64, 101 (2005); J.A. Tallin, Basic Clinical Pharmacol. Toxicol. 97, 261 (2005); D. Adam, Avance y Perspectiva 21, 181 (2002).
7 M.H. Magri, A. Solari, Scientometrics 37, 35 (1996). 8 F.J. Ayala, Am. Scientist 93, 2 (2005).
9 Nature Medicine 11, 907 (2005).

Translation of “Ex-FARC fighters say: “Former President Correa was funded by Raúl Reyes and Jojoy.”

 

Ex-President Rafael Correa in the center with FARC leadership on either side.

This is an English translation of this article from the PanAm Post.

A former FARC guerrilla fighter that’s now a witness protected by Justice in Colombia said that the former Ecuadorian president Rafael Correa was financed by the FARC to help win the presidency of that country.

Alexander Duque, known as Chorizo on the 48th front, said on the program The Informants of the Caracol that the FARC guerrillas voted in Ecuador to support Correa’s presidential campaign. In addition to obtaining agreements for permanent permits for members of the FARC to have access to Raúl Reyes’ camp, which was located in Ecuadorian territory, he also said that the withdrawal of the US military base in Manta was part of the agreement in exchange for financial support for his campaign.

“That money to finance Rafael Correa’s campaign was delivered directly to my house, one bag of USD $200,000 and USD $300,000. All under the guidance of Raúl Reyes.”

He affirmed that he even worked on one of Rafael Correa’s campaigns: “It was my task to assist the campaign, doing publicity, incentivizing Colombians who had Ecuadorian documents allowing them to vote as well as Ecuadorians who were from the FARC or associated militias, to vote for Rafael Correa” .

On the pact to withdraw the military base from Manta, “Chorizo” said that once Correa came to the presidency “he immediately asked for that base to be removed from there because they were fulfilling the contract, he did not want to renew for FARC requirement”.

After ten years of operations, in 2009 the bilateral cooperation agreement was terminated and US military stopped operations at the Manta base and departed.

Lenín Moreno and the Investigation of Correa

The president of Ecuador, Lenín Moreno, announced in April that this country would not continue to be the guarantor of the peace talks between the Colombian Government and the guerrilla of the National Liberation Army (ELN). Renglón often maintained that he had also withdrawn Quito as the headquarters of the negotiations.

In the same statement, Moreno ordered to investigate the veracity of a video that involved Correa with the alleged financing of his political campaign by the FARC guerrillas.

“I just saw a video (…) in which a protected witness shows that the FARC gave money to the campaigns of former President Correa. I asked that its truth be checked, ”he said.

Rumors of the possible relationship between the former Ecuadorian president and the FARC, known as Farcpolitica, intensified after the FARC dissent of the Oliver Sinisterra Front, led by alias “Guacho”, murdered three Ecuadorian journalists of the newspaper El Comercio, and the subsequent kidnapping of an Ecuadorian couple at the border of the two countries.

Correa and the FARC advance on the Border

For years Hugo Chavez denied the status of terrorist organization to the FARC. Simultaneously, Correa did the same in Ecuador, refusing to say they were terrorists and did not allowing the government to give them official status as belligerents. In an interview, the Ecuadorian ex-president indicated that the FARC has always been: “Irregular groups. No country in Latin America calls them terrorists, not even the Colombian government before Uribe.” he explained.

In “Operation Phoenix”, in which Raúl Reyes was discharged, a series of documents were found that established the relationship of the Ecuadorian ex-president and the FARC. Especially an email in which the guerrilla group congratulated Correa on his electoral victory in 2007.

“We visited Ecuador’s Minister of Security, Gustavo Larrea, hereinafter ‘Juan’ who on behalf of President Correa brought greetings to Comrade Manuel and the Secretariat. (…) and expressed interest of the president to formalize relations with the FARC leadership through ‘Juan,’ a willingness to coordinate social activities to help the residents of the border. Exchange of information and control of paramilitary crime in its territory,” read the letter of Raúl Reyes to members of the secretariat, on January 18, 2008.

At the time this military action triggered a diplomatic crisis between Colombia and Ecuador, as Correa accused President Uribe of having stepped on Ecuadorian territory and thus violated the sovereignty of that country and international treaties in order to terminate Reyes.

In 2008, Correa denied having links with the FARC and asked to carry out the necessary investigations in this regard, ensuring that if it were proven otherwise he would resign – a fact that never happened. And yet that year the Angostura Report which detailed the case of the death of Raúl Reyes revealed that Ecuadorian soil was being used as a bridge for drug trafficking.

In an interview for the PanAm Post, Johnny Estupiñán Echeverría, Vice Admiral of the Naval Force of Ecuador in passive service since 2008, said the Correa Government was complicit in the FARC.

“Obviously they were allies and accomplices. All the actions of the previous government favored drug trafficking, fueled by aggressive and widespread corruption.”

Now that the current government wants to fight against all inherited illegalities, it is logical to think that the outgoing government’s link with narcoterrorists, even indirectly, is generating terrorist actions to destabilize the current government, ”he said.